Shoji A, Padhye A A, Standard P G, Kaufman L, Ajello L
J Med Vet Mycol. 1986 Feb;24(1):23-34.
Phialophora verrucosa and P. americana, two dematiaceous hyphomycetes, are known to cause chromoblastomycosis. Even though most medical mycologists consider P. americana as synonymous with P. verrucosa, others maintain them as two distinct species on the basis that the phialides of P. americana have deeper collarettes than those of P. verrucosa. Thirty-two isolates, identified either as P. americana or P. verrucosa, were studied for their morphologic, physiologic, and antigenic characteristics to evaluate their taxonomic status. Collarette morphology was found to be a variable character in 12 of the 32 isolates. Those 12 produced phialides with both shallow and deep collarettes. All of the isolates hydrolysed urea within 7 days at 25 degrees C, and failed to liquefy gelatin after 3 weeks at 25 degrees C. None of the isolates decomposed casein, xanthine, or hypoxanthine at the end of 3 weeks at 25 degrees C. All decomposed tyrosine. They grew at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, but failed to grow at 40 degrees C. The antigenic relationship between the two species was studied by the exoantigen procedure. The 32 isolates showed close antigenic relatedness. Adsorptions of antisera with homologous and heterologous antigens rendered the antisera free of precipitin bands when studied by the microimmunodiffusion test. The depth of phialide collarettes produced by the two species, being found to be variable character, and the identical nature of the two species with respect to their physiologic and antigenic characteristics, led us to conclude that P. americana should be considered as a synonym of P. verrucosa.
疣状瓶霉和美洲瓶霉这两种暗色丝孢菌可引起着色芽生菌病。尽管大多数医学真菌学家认为美洲瓶霉与疣状瓶霉是同义词，但也有其他人认为它们是两个不同的物种，依据是美洲瓶霉的瓶梗的领部比疣状瓶霉的更深。对32株被鉴定为美洲瓶霉或疣状瓶霉的分离株进行了形态学、生理学和抗原特性研究，以评估它们的分类地位。在32株分离株中，有12株的领部形态是可变特征。这12株产生的瓶梗既有浅领部的也有深领部的。所有分离株在25℃下7天内均可水解尿素，在25℃下3周后均不能液化明胶。在25℃下3周结束时，没有分离株能分解酪蛋白、黄嘌呤或次黄嘌呤。所有分离株均可分解酪氨酸。它们在25℃和37℃下生长，但在40℃下不能生长。通过外抗原程序研究了这两个物种之间的抗原关系。这32株分离株显示出密切的抗原相关性。当通过微量免疫扩散试验研究时，用同源和异源抗原吸附抗血清可使抗血清无沉淀带。由于发现这两个物种产生的瓶梗领部深度是可变特征，且它们在生理学和抗原特性方面具有相同性质，我们得出结论，美洲瓶霉应被视为疣状瓶霉的同义词。
