1 Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden.
2 Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) , Dhaka, Bangladeshs.
Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Mar;127(3):37003. doi: 10.1289/EHP3655.
Chronic cadmium exposure has been associated with osteotoxicity in adults, but little is known concerning its effects on early growth, which has been shown to be impaired by cadmium.
Our objective was to assess the impact of early-life cadmium exposure on bone-related biomarkers and anthropometry at 9 y of age.
For 504 children in a mother-child cohort in Bangladesh, cadmium exposure was assessed by concentrations in urine (U-Cd, long-term exposure) and erythrocytes (Ery-Cd, ongoing exposure) at 9 and 4.5 y of age, and in their mothers during pregnancy. Biomarkers of bone remodeling [urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), urinary calcium, plasma parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, vitamin D3, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF binding protein 3, thyroid stimulating hormone] were measured at 9 y of age.
In multivariable-adjusted linear models, a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean increase in osteocalcin of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.042, 5.9) and in urinary DPD of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 12, 32). In a combined exposure model, a doubling of maternal Ery-Cd was associated with a mean increase in urinary DPD of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 30). Stratifying the osteocalcin model by gender ([Formula: see text] 0.001), a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean decrease in osteocalcin of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) in boys and a mean increase of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 5.4, 13) in girls. The same pattern was seen with U-Cd at 4.5 y of age ([Formula: see text] 0.016). Children's U-Cd and Ery-Cd, concurrent and at 4.5 y of age, were inversely associated with vitamin D3.
Childhood cadmium exposure was associated with several bone-related biomarkers and some of the associations differed by gender. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3655.
慢性镉暴露与成年人的骨毒性有关，但对于其对早期生长的影响知之甚少，早期生长已被证明会受到镉的损害。
我们的目的是评估早期生活中镉暴露对 9 岁时与骨骼相关的生物标志物和人体测量学的影响。
在孟加拉国的一项母婴队列研究中，对 504 名儿童进行了尿液（U-Cd，长期暴露）和红细胞（Ery-Cd，持续暴露）中镉浓度的评估，以及其母亲在怀孕期间的浓度。在 9 岁时测量了骨骼重塑的生物标志物[尿脱氧吡啶啉（DPD）、尿钙、甲状旁腺激素、骨钙素、维生素 D3、胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）1、IGF 结合蛋白 3、促甲状腺激素]。
在多变量调整后的线性模型中，当前 U-Cd 加倍与骨钙素平均增加[Formula: see text]（95%CI：0.042，5.9）和尿 DPD 平均增加[Formula: see text]（95%CI：12，32）相关。在综合暴露模型中，母亲 Ery-Cd 加倍与尿 DPD 平均增加[Formula: see text]（95%CI：[Formula: see text]，30）相关。按性别分层骨钙素模型（[Formula: see text]0.001），当前 U-Cd 加倍与男孩骨钙素平均降低[Formula: see text]（95%CI：[Formula: see text]，[Formula: see text]）和女孩骨钙素平均增加[Formula: see text]（95%CI：5.4，13）相关。在 4.5 岁时 U-Cd 也出现了相同的模式（[Formula: see text]0.016）。儿童的 U-Cd 和 Ery-Cd，当前和 4.5 岁时，与维生素 D3 呈负相关。
儿童期镉暴露与多种与骨骼相关的生物标志物有关，其中一些关联因性别而异。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3655.
