Jones R K, Mirocha C J
Associate Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist.
Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Plant Dis. 1999 Jun;83(6):506-511. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.6.506.
Recent epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB) severely damaged the hard red spring wheat and barley crops in Minnesota. Samples of commercial grain were analyzed in 1993 and 1994 to determine the effects of FHB on several quality parameters. Wheat test weight (TW) averaged 832 kg m (55.4 lb/bu), thousand kernel weight (TKW) averaged 27.4 g, and the proportion of visually scabby kernels (VSK) averaged 11.0%. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in 493 of 500 samples (98.6%). The mean concentration was 8.3 μg/g (range = 0.0 to 44.7 μg/g). Scab in wheat could rapidly be estimated using easy-to-prepare visual comparison standards. Scores of percent VSK were correlated with DON concentration at r = 0.897 and 0.908 in 1993 and 1994, respectively. TW and TKW were less effective estimators of DON (r = -0.622 and -0.550, respectively). DON was detected in 100 of 100 six-row barley samples collected during the survey and averaged 10.4 μg/g (range = 0.5 to 39.7 μg/g). DON concentration in barley could not be effectively estimated with grading parameters including TW, TKW, percent plump kernels, or a visual index of kernel discoloration. In 28 samples of oats, DON averaged 1.4 μg/g (range = 0.0 to 6.4 μg/g). Nivalenol was not detected in any of the 628 samples analyzed during the two-year study.
近期，小麦赤霉病疫情严重破坏了明尼苏达州的硬红春小麦和大麦作物。1993年和1994年对商业谷物样本进行了分析，以确定小麦赤霉病对几个品质参数的影响。小麦容重（TW）平均为832千克/立方米（55.4磅/蒲式耳），千粒重（TKW）平均为27.4克，可见病斑粒比例（VSK）平均为11.0%。在500个样本中的493个（98.6%）检测到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）。平均浓度为8.3微克/克（范围为0.0至44.7微克/克）。使用易于制备的视觉比较标准可以快速估算小麦中的赤霉病。1993年和1994年，VSK百分比得分与DON浓度的相关性分别为r = 0.897和0.908。TW和TKW对DON的估算效果较差（分别为r = -0.622和-0.550）。在调查期间收集的100个六行大麦样本中的100个检测到DON，平均为10.4微克/克（范围为0.5至39.7微克/克）。大麦中的DON浓度无法通过包括TW、TKW、饱满粒百分比或籽粒变色视觉指数等分级参数有效估算。在28个燕麦样本中，DON平均为1.4微克/克（范围为0.0至6.4微克/克）。在为期两年的研究中分析的628个样本中，均未检测到雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。
