Jones R K
Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Plant Dis. 2000 Sep;84(9):1021-1030. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.9.1021.
Benomyl and tebuconazole reduced head blight incidence, head blight severity, and the percentage of visually scabby kernels (VSK) in harvested grain when applied to the susceptible spring wheat cv. Norm at anthesis. Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration was also reduced. Fungicide treatment increased head weight, test weight, thousand kernel weight, and yield. Fludioxonil reduced certain parameters associated with the disease in barley, including incidence, severity, and deoxynivalenol concentration, while increasing the percentage of plump kernels and yield. In vitro, isolates of Fusarium graminearum were sensitive to fludioxonil, benomyl, tebuconazole, and mancozeb (concentrations that give 50% growth inhibition of 7.4 × 10, 3.5 × 10,9.9 × 10, and 7.3 mg a.i./liter, respectively). No evidence for insensitivity (resistance) was found. Prospects for chemical control of Fusarium head blight (FHB), however, remain limited. The repeatability of assessment methods used in evaluating host response to fungicides and to the damage caused by F. graminearum is discussed. Disease incidence, disease severity, VSK, and DON were identified as key variables that best measure the effects of FHB.
在易感春小麦品种诺姆花期施用苯菌灵和戊唑醇，可降低赤霉病发病率、病情严重程度以及收获谷物中可见病斑籽粒（VSK）的百分比。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）浓度也有所降低。杀菌剂处理增加了穗重、容重、千粒重和产量。咯菌腈降低了大麦中与该病相关的某些参数，包括发病率、病情严重程度和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇浓度，同时增加了饱满籽粒百分比和产量。在体外，禾谷镰刀菌分离株对咯菌腈、苯菌灵、戊唑醇和代森锰锌敏感（分别为导致50%生长抑制的浓度为7.4×10、3.5×10、9.9×10和7.3毫克有效成分/升）。未发现不敏感（抗性）证据。然而，化学防治赤霉病（FHB）的前景仍然有限。讨论了评估寄主对杀菌剂和禾谷镰刀菌造成的损害的反应时所用评估方法的可重复性。病害发病率、病情严重程度、VSK和DON被确定为最能衡量赤霉病影响的关键变量。
