Wegulo Stephen N, Bockus William W, Nopsa John Hernandez, De Wolf Erick D, Eskridge Kent M, Peiris Kamaranga H S, Dowell Floyd E
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583.
Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
Plant Dis. 2011 May;95(5):554-560. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0495.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab, incited by Fusarium graminearum, can cause significant economic losses in small grain production. Five field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 to determine the effects on FHB and the associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) of integrating winter wheat cultivar resistance and fungicide application. Other variables measured were yield and the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK). The fungicides prothioconazole + tebuconazole (formulated as Prosaro 421 SC) were applied at the rate of 0.475 liters/ha, or not applied, to three cultivars (experiments 1 to 3) or six cultivars (experiments 4 and 5) differing in their levels of resistance to FHB and DON accumulation. The effect of cultivar on FHB index was highly significant (P < 0.0001) in all five experiments. Under the highest FHB intensity and no fungicide application, the moderately resistant cultivars Harry, Heyne, Roane, and Truman had less severe FHB than the susceptible cultivars 2137, Jagalene, Overley, and Tomahawk (indices of 30 to 46% and 78 to 99%, respectively). Percent fungicide efficacy in reducing index and DON was greater in moderately resistant than in susceptible cultivars. Yield was negatively correlated with index, with FDK, and with DON, whereas index was positively correlated with FDK and with DON, and FDK and DON were positively correlated. Correlation between index and DON, index and FDK, and FDK and DON was stronger in susceptible than in moderately resistant cultivars, whereas the negative correlation between yield and FDK and yield and DON was stronger in moderately resistant than in susceptible cultivars. Overall, the strongest correlation was between index and DON (0.74 ≤ R ≤ 0.88, P ≤ 0.05). The results from this study indicate that fungicide efficacy in reducing FHB and DON was greater in moderately resistant cultivars than in susceptible ones. This shows that integrating cultivar resistance with fungicide application can be an effective strategy for management of FHB and DON in winter wheat.
由禾谷镰刀菌引起的小麦赤霉病（FHB）或赤霉，会给小粒谷物生产造成重大经济损失。在2007年至2009年期间进行了五项田间试验，以确定整合冬小麦品种抗性和施用杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病及相关霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的影响。所测量的其他变量包括产量和镰刀菌损伤粒（FDK）的百分比。将杀菌剂丙硫菌唑+戊唑醇（商品名为Proxaro 421 SC）以0.475升/公顷的用量施用于三个品种（试验1至3）或六个品种（试验4和5），这些品种对小麦赤霉病和DON积累的抗性水平不同，也有不施用杀菌剂的情况。在所有五项试验中，品种对小麦赤霉病指数的影响极显著（P < 0.0001）。在小麦赤霉病发病强度最高且未施用杀菌剂的情况下，中度抗性品种哈利、海涅、罗恩和杜鲁门的小麦赤霉病发病程度低于感病品种2137、贾加林、奥弗利和战斧（赤霉病指数分别为30%至46%和78%至99%）。在降低赤霉病指数和DON方面，中度抗性品种的杀菌剂防效百分比高于感病品种。产量与赤霉病指数、FDK以及DON呈负相关，而赤霉病指数与FDK、DON呈正相关，FDK与DON也呈正相关。在感病品种中，赤霉病指数与DON、赤霉病指数与FDK以及FDK与DON之间的相关性比中度抗性品种更强，而在中度抗性品种中，产量与FDK以及产量与DON之间的负相关性比感病品种更强。总体而言，最强的相关性存在于赤霉病指数与DON之间（0.74 ≤ R ≤ 0.88，P ≤ 0.05）。本研究结果表明，在降低小麦赤霉病和DON方面，中度抗性品种的杀菌剂防效高于感病品种。这表明将品种抗性与杀菌剂施用相结合可以成为冬小麦小麦赤霉病和DON管理的有效策略。
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