a Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina, USA.
b Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland, USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2019;54(7):1075-1085. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1528461. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
In emerging adulthood when many youth are maturing out of marijuana use, Blacks continue to have high rates of use and disorder. Theory suggests that factors tied to neighborhood disadvantage may partially explain this phenomenon but research is limited.
This study examines the influence of neighborhood physical and social disorder on transitions in marijuana use during emerging adulthood in a low-income urban sample.
379 primarily Black young adults residing in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City were followed-up annually from ages 18 to 21. Neighborhood environment was evaluated using a valid and reliable field-rater assessment of the residential block. Longitudinal latent class and latent transition analyses were performed.
Fit indices supported three-classes of marijuana use: no use, infrequent use and frequent use. Between ages 18 and 21, young adults tended to transition toward lower levels of use. However, neighborhood physical disorder was associated with transitioning to increased marijuana use (no use to frequent use; AOR = 2.712; p = .023) while positive neighborhood social activity was associated with a decreased risk (AOR = 0.002; p = .013). Neighborhood social activity was also associated with decreases in use (frequent to infrequent use; AOR = 2.342; p = .020). Conclusions/Importance: These findings demonstrate that physical disorder within the context of a low-income urban neighborhood adversely impacts marijuana use. However, even in the presence of physical disorder, interventions that foster collective efficacy among residents through positive social activity may prevent initiation and progression of marijuana use.
在青年期，许多年轻人逐渐戒除大麻，而黑人的使用率和失调率仍然很高。理论表明，与邻里劣势相关的因素可能部分解释了这一现象，但研究有限。
本研究考察了邻里物理和社会混乱对低社会经济地位城市样本中年轻人在青年期大麻使用转变的影响。
379 名主要为黑人的年轻人居住在巴尔的摩市的低收入社区，从 18 岁到 21 岁每年进行随访。使用经过验证和可靠的现场评估员对居住街区的评估来评估邻里环境。进行了纵向潜在类别和潜在转变分析。
拟合指数支持大麻使用的三种类型：无使用、不频繁使用和频繁使用。在 18 至 21 岁之间，年轻人倾向于向较低的使用水平转变。然而，邻里物理混乱与向增加的大麻使用转变有关（无使用到频繁使用；优势比=2.712；p=0.023），而积极的邻里社会活动与降低风险有关（优势比=0.002；p=0.013）。邻里社会活动也与使用减少有关（频繁使用到不频繁使用；优势比=2.342；p=0.020）。结论/重要性：这些发现表明，低收入城市社区内的物理混乱会对大麻使用产生不利影响。然而，即使存在物理混乱，通过积极的社会活动培养居民集体效能的干预措施也可能预防大麻使用的开始和进展。
