Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
Mar Environ Res. 2019 Mar;145:112-122. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.001. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Baltic blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) were implemented to assess potential toxicity, health impairments and bioaccumulation of dumped chemical warfare agents on marine benthic organisms. Mussels were collected from a pristine cultivation side and exposed under laboratory conditions to different mixtures of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) related phenyl arsenic compounds, Clark I and Adamsite as well as chloroacetophenone. Using a multi-biomarker approach, mussels were assessed thereafter for effects at different organisational levels ranging from geno-to cytotoxic effects, differences in enzyme kinetics and immunological responses. In an integrated approach, chemical analysis of water and tissue of the test organisms was performed in parallel. The results show clearly that exposed mussels bioaccumulate the oxidized forms of chemical warfare agents Clark I, Adamsite (DAox and DMox) and, to a certain extent, also chloroacetophenone into their tissues. Adverse effects in the test organisms at subcellular and functional level, including cytotoxic, immunotoxic and oxidative stress effects were visible. These acute effects occurred even at the lowest test concentration.
采用波罗的海贻贝（Mytilus trossulus）来评估倾倒的化学战剂对海洋底栖生物的潜在毒性、健康损害和生物蓄积作用。贻贝从原始养殖区采集，并在实验室条件下暴露于不同的化学战剂（CWA）混合物中，包括与苯基砷化合物、克拉克 I 和亚当斯试剂以及氯乙酮相关的混合物。此后，使用多生物标志物方法评估贻贝在不同组织水平上的影响，范围从基因到细胞毒性效应、酶动力学和免疫反应的差异。在综合方法中，同时对试验生物的水和组织进行化学分析。结果清楚地表明，暴露的贻贝将化学战剂克拉克 I、亚当斯试剂（DAox 和 DMox）的氧化形式以及在一定程度上也将氯乙酮生物蓄积到其组织中。在亚细胞和功能水平上，试验生物出现了不良影响，包括细胞毒性、免疫毒性和氧化应激效应。这些急性效应甚至在最低测试浓度下就出现了。
