Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 4 Łojasiewicza St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Cognitive Science, Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, 52 Grodzka St., 31-044 Krakow, Poland.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2019 May;139:18-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
A number of studies have shown that the pupil dilates during stimuli recognition and decision-making. Yet, little is known about the interaction between recognition memory and decision processes. Here, we investigated the possible link between pupil response and decision-related factors during a visual recognition task. Forty-eight volunteers took part in the study. The experimental task was based on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm designed to study false recognitions. Participants were shown different sets of two meaningless objects. After seeing each set, they were asked to determine whether the subsequent probe (positive, lure or negative) was already presented. We had found that the pupil dilated more and slower, and the reaction time was extended, when the upcoming choice was against individual response bias. Such a result indicates that recognition and rejection in memory tasks could be seen as two behavioral alternatives supported by evidence accumulation, in line with decision-making models. This interpretation was upheld with the drift-diffusion modelling based on pupil data. A similar pattern was observed for errors - larger pupil sizes before incorrect responses were accompanied by longer reaction times. Furthermore, before correct reactions, especially in participants differentiating more accurately between the old and new stimuli, pupil dilation was increasing faster, indicating swifter evidence accumulation. Taking into account the link between cognitive pupillary reflex and norepinephrine release, we conclude that similarly to decision making, reactions in memory tasks may partly depend on the locus coeruleus activity, which is the principal site for norepinephrine synthesis.
多项研究表明，瞳孔在刺激识别和决策过程中会扩大。然而，对于识别记忆和决策过程之间的相互作用知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了在视觉识别任务中瞳孔反应与决策相关因素之间可能存在的联系。48 名志愿者参加了这项研究。实验任务基于 Deese-Roediger-McDermott 范式设计，用于研究虚假识别。参与者观看了两组不同的无意义物体。在观看每组之后，他们被要求确定后续的探测（阳性、诱饵或阴性）是否已经呈现。我们发现，当即将到来的选择与个体反应偏差相反时，瞳孔扩张得更大、更慢，反应时间也延长了。这种结果表明，在记忆任务中识别和拒绝可以被视为两种行为选择，这与决策模型一致。基于瞳孔数据的漂移扩散模型支持了这一解释。错误也观察到了类似的模式——在不正确的反应之前，瞳孔更大，反应时间更长。此外，在正确的反应之前，尤其是在参与者更准确地区分新旧刺激的情况下，瞳孔扩张的速度更快，表明证据积累更快。考虑到认知瞳孔反射和去甲肾上腺素释放之间的联系，我们得出结论，与决策一样，记忆任务中的反应可能部分取决于蓝斑核的活动，蓝斑核是去甲肾上腺素合成的主要部位。
