Laboratory of Nanopathology and Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Nanopathology and Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2019 Jun;57:244-254. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
The toxic action of surfactant used as a stabilizer of metal nanoparticles have been studied with the aim to determine separate contributions of surfactant monomers and micelles to cell viability decrease. Basing on (1) the well-known ability of surfactant molecules to form micelles in solution at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) and (2) the results reported in literature, showing that toxicity of various surfactants increases when their concentration exceeds CMC, we supposed that surfactant molecules and micelles may differ in their toxic effect on cells. This supposition was verified on the anionic surfactant aerosol-OT (AOT) used as a stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in studies of their cytotoxicity on Jurkat cells by means of the MTT test. Two samples of AgNPs stabilized with AOT in concentrations higher (3 mM) and lower (1 mM) than its CMC in water were introduced to the cell medium as water solutions diluted to obtain nanoparticle concentrations in the range 1-7 μg/mL. Cell viability changes were registered after 24 h incubation. It was found that AgNPs of similar average size (about 16 nm), synthesized by the same procedure, introduced to the same concentrations in cell medium, produced a different effect on cell viability. Namely, decrease in cell viability was observed for AgNPs with 3 mM AOT, while no noticeable changes were registered for AgNPs with 1 mM AOT. A similar difference was detected for the corresponding dilutions of 3 mM and 1 mM AOT water solutions. We assumed that the toxicity dependence on AOT concentration originated from the difference in toxic action of the two different AOT forms - molecules (monomers) and micelles - present in the AgNPs and AOT solution. The approach was suggested for estimation of the separate contributions of monomers and micelles to the total AOT toxicity; changes of these contributions with AgNPs or AOT concentration were also determined. The results obtained may prove to be useful in studies of the biological activity of surfactants applied both as nanoparticle stabilizers and as agents working in medicine as suppressors of various infections.
作为金属纳米粒子稳定剂的表面活性剂的毒性作用已经过研究，目的是确定表面活性剂单体和胶束对细胞活力下降的单独贡献。基于（1）表面活性剂分子在临界胶束浓度（CMC）下在溶液中形成胶束的已知能力，以及（2）文献中报道的结果，表明各种表面活性剂的毒性当它们的浓度超过 CMC 时会增加，我们假设表面活性剂分子和胶束在对细胞的毒性作用上可能不同。这一假设在阴离子表面活性剂气溶胶 OT（AOT）的研究中得到了验证，AOT 用作银纳米粒子（AgNPs）的稳定剂，通过 MTT 试验研究其对 Jurkat 细胞的细胞毒性。将两种浓度高于（3mM）和低于（1mM）其在水中的 CMC 的 AOT 稳定的 AgNPs 样品作为水溶液引入细胞培养基中，稀释至纳米颗粒浓度在 1-7μg/mL 的范围内。孵育 24 小时后记录细胞活力变化。结果发现，具有相似平均粒径（约 16nm）的 AgNPs 以相同的方式合成，以相同的浓度引入细胞培养基中，对细胞活力产生不同的影响。即，观察到 3mM AOT 的 AgNPs 降低了细胞活力，而 1mM AOT 的 AgNPs 则没有明显变化。对于相应的 3mM 和 1mM AOT 水溶液的稀释液也检测到类似的差异。我们假设，AOT 浓度对毒性的依赖性源于存在于 AgNPs 和 AOT 溶液中的两种不同 AOT 形式 - 分子（单体）和胶束 - 的毒性作用的差异。该方法被用于估计单体和胶束对总 AOT 毒性的单独贡献; 还确定了这些贡献随 AgNPs 或 AOT 浓度的变化。获得的结果可能在研究表面活性剂的生物学活性方面证明是有用的，表面活性剂既可用作纳米粒子稳定剂，也可用作医学中抑制各种感染的药物。
