National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
Biomaterials. 2019 May;203:31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.025. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Nanocellulose is a promising bio-nanomaterial with attractive properties suitable for multiple industrial applications. The increased use of nanocellulose may lead to occupational exposure and negative health outcomes. However, knowledge on its health effects is limited, and while nanocellulose exposure may induce acute inflammatory responses in the lung, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Alveolar macrophages are key cells in alveolar particle clearance. Their activation and function may be affected by various particles. Here, we investigated the uptake of pristine cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and their effects on alveolar macrophage polarization and biological function. CNC uptake enhanced the secretion of several cytokines but did not on its own induce a complete macrophage polarization. In presence of macrophage activators, such as LPS/IFNG and IL4/IL13, CNC exposure enhanced the expression of M1 phenotype markers and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, while decreasing M2 markers. CNC exposure also affected the function of activated alveolar macrophages resulting in a prominent cytokine burst and altered phagocytic activity. In conclusion, CNC exposure may result in dysregulation of macrophage activation and function that are critical in inflammatory responses in the lung.
纳米纤维素是一种很有前途的生物纳米材料，具有多种工业应用所需的诱人特性。纳米纤维素使用量的增加可能导致职业暴露和负面健康结果。然而，其健康影响的知识有限，虽然纳米纤维素暴露可能会在肺部引起急性炎症反应，但潜在的机制尚不清楚。肺泡巨噬细胞是肺泡颗粒清除的关键细胞。它们的激活和功能可能会受到各种颗粒的影响。在这里，我们研究了原始纤维素纳米晶（CNC）的摄取及其对肺泡巨噬细胞极化和生物学功能的影响。CNC 的摄取增强了几种细胞因子的分泌，但本身并没有诱导完全的巨噬细胞极化。在巨噬细胞激活剂（如 LPS/IFNG 和 IL4/IL13）存在的情况下，CNC 暴露增强了 M1 表型标志物的表达以及促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌，同时降低了 M2 标志物的表达。CNC 暴露还影响了激活的肺泡巨噬细胞的功能，导致细胞因子爆发和吞噬活性改变。总之，CNC 暴露可能导致巨噬细胞激活和功能失调，而这在肺部炎症反应中至关重要。
