Department of Plant Biology, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Chromosome Res. 2019 Sep;27(3):153-165. doi: 10.1007/s10577-019-09607-z. Epub 2019 Mar 9.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was developed more than 30 years ago and has been the most paradigm-changing technique in cytogenetic research. FISH has been used to answer questions related to structure, mutation, and evolution of not only individual chromosomes but also entire genomes. FISH has served as an important tool for chromosome identification in many plant species. This review intends to summarize and discuss key technical development and applications of FISH in plants since 2006. The most significant recent advance of FISH is the development and application of probes based on synthetic oligonucleotides (oligos). Oligos specific to a repetitive DNA sequence, to a specific chromosomal region, or to an entire chromosome can be computationally identified, synthesized in parallel, and fluorescently labeled. Oligo probes designed from conserved DNA sequences from one species can be used among genetically related species, allowing comparative cytogenetic mapping of these species. The advances with synthetic oligo probes will significantly expand the applications of FISH especially in non-model plant species. Recent achievements and future applications of FISH and oligo-FISH are discussed.
荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术诞生于 30 多年前，是细胞遗传学研究中最具变革性的技术。FISH 已被用于回答有关单个染色体以及整个基因组的结构、突变和进化的问题。FISH 已成为许多植物物种中染色体鉴定的重要工具。本综述旨在总结和讨论自 2006 年以来 FISH 在植物中的关键技术发展和应用。FISH 最近的一项重大进展是基于合成寡核苷酸（oligo）的探针的开发和应用。针对重复 DNA 序列、特定染色体区域或整个染色体的 oligo 可以通过计算进行识别、并行合成和荧光标记。来自一个物种的保守 DNA 序列设计的 oligo 探针可以在遗传上相关的物种之间使用，从而允许对这些物种进行比较细胞遗传学作图。合成寡核苷酸探针的进步将极大地扩展 FISH 的应用范围，尤其是在非模式植物物种中。本文还讨论了 FISH 和寡核苷酸-FISH 的最新成果及其未来的应用。
