Dalmaso Mario, Castelli Luigi, Galfano Giovanni
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019 Sep;72(9):2249-2260. doi: 10.1177/1747021819839668. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Increasing evidence suggests that individuals are highly sensitive to self-related stimuli. Here, we report two experiments conducted to assess whether two schematic stimuli, arbitrarily associated with either the self or a stranger, can shape attention holding in an oculomotor task. In both experiments, participants first completed a manual matching task in which they were asked to associate the self and a stranger with two shapes (triangle vs. square). Then, in an oculomotor task, they were asked to perform a saccade from the centre of the screen towards a peripheral target while either the triangle or the square were centrally presented. In Experiment 1, saccades had to be performed on each trial-irrespective of the central shape-while in Experiment 2, saccades had to be performed only when the central shape was associated with either the self or the stranger, depending on block instruction. Participants were slower to initiate a saccade away from the central shape when this was associated with the self rather than with the stranger, but this pattern of results emerged only in Experiment 2. Overall, these data suggest that stimuli associated with the self through episodic learning can hold attention when the self/other distinction is a task-relevant dimension.
越来越多的证据表明，个体对与自我相关的刺激高度敏感。在此，我们报告两项实验，旨在评估两个与自我或陌生人任意关联的示意性刺激是否能在眼动任务中影响注意力的保持。在两项实验中，参与者首先完成一项手动匹配任务，要求他们将自我和陌生人分别与两种形状（三角形与正方形）进行关联。然后，在眼动任务中，当三角形或正方形在屏幕中央呈现时，他们被要求从屏幕中心向周边目标进行扫视。在实验1中，每次试验都必须进行扫视，无论中央呈现的形状如何；而在实验2中，扫视仅在中央形状与自我或陌生人相关联时才进行，具体取决于组块指令。当中央形状与自我相关联而非与陌生人相关联时，参与者从中央形状开始进行扫视的速度较慢，但这种结果模式仅在实验2中出现。总体而言，这些数据表明，当自我/他人的区分是任务相关维度时，通过情景学习与自我相关联的刺激能够保持注意力。
