Long-Term Clinical and Radiographic Follow-Up of Preaxial Polydactyly Reconstruction.

PURPOSE

The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term results of preaxial polydactyly reconstruction through evaluating strength, range of motion, pain, arthritis, and functional outcomes.

METHODS

Patients having preaxial polydactyly reconstruction 15 to 60 years ago completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity (UE) Computer Adaptive Test (CAT). Aggregate scores were compared with those of the general population. Patients completed a clinical evaluation comprising grip strength, pinch strength, side pinch strength, and range of motion. Mean strength and range of motion were compared with the contralateral extremity. Patients had radiographs of the reconstructed thumb to evaluate for arthritis.

RESULTS

Twenty-five patients, comprising 27 surgical reconstructions, completed patient-reported outcomes questionnaires, and 13 reconstructions underwent clinical and radiographic evaluation. The median follow-up was 36 years. The most common Flatt-Wassel classification was type IV. The mean DASH score was 3.7, similar to the general population mean of 10.1 (SD, 14.5). The mean PROMIS UE CAT score was 51.5, similar to the general population mean of 50 (SD, 10.0). The mean pinch strength, side pinch strength, and grip strength did not differ significantly from the contralateral extremity. There was significantly decreased range of motion at the interphalangeal joint. No patient had pain in the thumb or hand on clinical evaluation. A minority of patients developed radiographic evidence of interphalangeal joint arthritis (15.4%). Nearly half of patients, 46.2%, had angular deformity.

CONCLUSIONS

Preaxial polydactyly reconstruction patients have functional outcomes similar to the general population, despite decreased range of motion at the interphalangeal joint. Patients have maintained pinch strength, side pinch strength, and grip strength. Radiographic findings of arthritis were seen in 15% of patients at follow-up but none of these patients had associated pain. Late angular deformity developed in nearly half of patients, and this highlights the importance of close follow-up until skeletal maturity.

TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.