CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2019 Jun;139:1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.010. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
Nowadays, despite the intensive research performed in the area of skin tissue engineering, the treatment of skin lesions remains a big challenge for healthcare professionals. In fact, none of the wound dressings currently used in the clinic is capable of re-establishing all the native features of skin. An ideal wound dressing must confer protection to the wound from external microorganisms, chemical, and physical aggressions, as well as promote the healing process by stimulating the cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation. In recent years different types of wound dressings (such as films, hydrocolloids, hydrogels, micro/nano fibers) have been developed. Among them, electrospun nanofibrous membranes due to their intrinsic properties like high surface area-to-volume ratio, porosity and structural similarity with the skin extracellular matrix have been regarded as highly promising for wound dressings applications. Additionally, the nanofibers available in these membranes can act as drug delivery systems, which prompted the incorporation of biomolecules within their structure to prevent skin infections as well as improve the healing process. In this review, examples of different bioactive molecules that have been loaded on polymeric nanofibers are presented, highlighting the antibacterial biomolecules (e.g. antibiotics, silver nanoparticles and natural extracts-derived products) and the molecules capable of enhancing the healing process (e.g. growth factors, vitamins, and anti-inflammatory molecules).
如今，尽管在皮肤组织工程领域进行了密集的研究，但皮肤损伤的治疗仍然是医疗保健专业人员面临的一大挑战。事实上，目前临床上使用的任何一种伤口敷料都无法重新建立皮肤的所有固有特性。理想的伤口敷料必须能够保护伤口免受外部微生物、化学和物理侵害，并通过刺激细胞黏附、分化和增殖来促进愈合过程。近年来，已经开发出了不同类型的伤口敷料（如膜、水胶体、水凝胶、微/纳米纤维）。其中，由于具有高比表面积与体积比、多孔性以及与皮肤细胞外基质结构相似等固有特性，静电纺纳米纤维膜被认为在伤口敷料应用方面具有很大的应用前景。此外，这些膜中的纳米纤维可以作为药物输送系统，这促使人们将生物分子掺入其结构中，以防止皮肤感染并促进愈合过程。在本文综述中，介绍了负载在聚合物纳米纤维上的不同生物活性分子的实例，重点介绍了具有抗菌作用的生物分子（例如抗生素、银纳米粒子和天然提取物衍生产品）和能够促进愈合过程的分子（例如生长因子、维生素和抗炎分子）。
