Mulford Carrie F, Blachman-Demner Dara R, Pitzer Lindsay, Schubert Carol A, Piquero Alex R, Mulvey Edward P
National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC.
American Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC.
Vict Offender. 2018;13(1):1-27. doi: 10.1080/15564886.2016.1196283. Epub 2016 Nov 18.
The relationship between victimization and offending has been shown consistently across different samples, settings, and crime types. This study uses data from the Pathways to Desistance Study to examine dual trajectories of offending between the ages of 15 and 24 in a sample of male felony offenders. The dual trajectory models demonstrate substantial convergence in victimization and offending. And while there are sizable numbers of youth who continue to be victimized, but desist or decrease in their offending behaviors, very few youth continue to offend in the absence of continued victimization. This study also proposes and tests three criminological theories that have been employed as explanations for the victim-offender overlap - low self-control, lifestyles/routine activities, and street-code attitudes. The logistic regression results indicate that involvement in risky and/or unstructured, unsupervised activities is a key correlate of the victim-offender overlap. The strength of the relationship between routine activity variables and the victim-offender overlap supports the provision of structured, supervised activities for youth and young adults as a way of preventing future victimization and offending, particularly among youth who have high exposure to violence.
受害与犯罪之间的关系在不同样本、环境和犯罪类型中都得到了一致证明。本研究使用“停止犯罪途径研究”的数据，对男性重罪罪犯样本在15至24岁之间的犯罪双重轨迹进行研究。双重轨迹模型显示出受害与犯罪之间存在显著的趋同性。虽然有相当数量的年轻人继续成为受害者，但他们停止或减少了犯罪行为，而在没有持续受害的情况下，很少有年轻人继续犯罪。本研究还提出并检验了三种被用作解释受害者与犯罪者重叠现象的犯罪学理论——低自我控制、生活方式/日常活动以及街头准则态度。逻辑回归结果表明，参与危险和/或无组织、无人监督的活动是受害者与犯罪者重叠的关键相关因素。日常活动变量与受害者与犯罪者重叠之间关系的强度支持为青少年和年轻人提供有组织、有监督的活动，以此作为预防未来受害和犯罪的一种方式，特别是在那些暴力暴露程度高的青少年中。
