2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and -Mediated Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal Cells.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental teratogenic effector for cleft palate. Transforming growth factor 3 () is an essential growth factor for palatogenesis. The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of TCDD and in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. The effects of 10 nM TCDD, 10 ng/mL , or a combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL on MEPM cells were revealed by cell and biological methods. With the increase in TCDD (0.5-10 nM), the expression of increased, but at TCDD concentrations greater than 10 nM, the expression of reduced. The viabilities of MEPM cells decreased in the 10 nM TCDD-treated group. But the viabilities increased in the 10 ng/mL -treated group, and the viabilities were intermediate in the group treated with a combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL . This phenomenon was the same as that of the motilities. In addition, we found that the expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3,and Smad7 were increased by TCDD, , combination of TCDD and , but the expression of Smad4 were decreased by TCDD, , combination of TCDD and . These data revealed that TCDD and interacted and affected MEPM cells.