Identifying the differentially expressed microRNAs in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh patients in Xinjiang.

Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, the survival of patients with advanced stages of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poor. Therefore, novel biomarkers that can assist with early detection of ESCC are required. In the present study, three paired ESCC and normal esophageal tissue samples from Xinjiang Kazakh patients were obtained and microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis was used to detect the differentially-expressed miRNAs. The target genes of the identified miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk software. A total of 23 miRNAs were differently expressed in Kazakh patients with ESCC. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that the upregulated miRNAs were predominantly associated with the 'vesicle' and 'membrane-bounded vesicle' terms, while the downregulated miRNAs were primarily associated with the term 'negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway'. The most highly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway for the differentially-expressed miRNAs was 'Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption'. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1, RAB11A, lysine acetyltransferase 2B, catenin α 1 and tight junction protein 2 were hub genes of the network. In conclusion, a number of differentially-expressed miRNAs were identified in ESCC tissues samples from Xinjiang Kazakh patients, which may improve the understanding of the processes of tumorigenesis and development.