Groot Michael, Zhang Duo, Jin Yang
Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, USA.
JSM Bioinform Genom Proteom. 2018;3(2). Epub 2018 Jun 30.
Non-coding genes occupy the majority of the human genome and have recently garnered increased attention for their implications in a range of diseases. This review illustrates the current scientific landscape concerning long non-coding RNA biogenesis, regulation, and degradation, as well as their functional roles in lung pathogenesis. LncRNAs share many similar biogenesis and regulatory processes with mRNA, such as capping, polyadenylation, post-transcriptional modifications, and exonuclease degradation. Evidence suggests that these lncRNAs become dysregulated in lung diseases such as Acute Lung Injury, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, COPD, Lung Cancer, and Pulmonary Arterial Fiypertension. Some lncRNAs have known functions, but the overwhelming majority requires further research to completely understand.
非编码基因占据了人类基因组的大部分，最近因其在一系列疾病中的影响而受到越来越多的关注。本综述阐述了关于长链非编码RNA的生物发生、调控和降解，以及它们在肺部发病机制中的功能作用的当前科学状况。长链非编码RNA与信使核糖核酸（mRNA）有着许多相似的生物发生和调控过程，如加帽、聚腺苷酸化、转录后修饰和核酸外切酶降解。有证据表明，这些长链非编码RNA在诸如急性肺损伤、特发性肺纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺癌和肺动脉高压等肺部疾病中表达失调。一些长链非编码RNA具有已知功能，但绝大多数还需要进一步研究以全面了解。
