Takagi S F, Iino M, Yarita H
Jpn J Physiol. 1978;28(2):109-28. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.28.109.
Effects of various gustatory stimulants upon the olfactory spithelia were examined in the olfactory bulb of the bullfrog and the carp. 1. The olfactory epithelia of the two animals responded to the salty, bitter- and acid-tasting substances, but not to the sweet ones. 2. The olfactory epithelium of the bullfrog responded immediately to sodium solutions of high concentrations (the "initial response"), but the response to those of low concentrations showed long latency (the "delayed response"). In the carp, the "initial response" was found, while the "delayed response" was not in most cases. A "negative" delayed response was found only infrequently. 3. Responses only to high alkali or acid solutions were found in the two animals. 4. When 0.05 M NaCl was added to HCl solutions, an enhancing effect was found in the bullfrog, while a reducing effect occurred in the carp. On the contrary, when 0.05 M NaCl was added to NaOH solutions, an enhancing effect occurred in the carp, while no consistent result was founding the bullfrog. 5. Many amino acids were effective stimuli in the bullfrog, but only betaine and 1-aspartic acid were found effective in the carp. 6. Changes in temperatures beyond 35 degrees C or under 10 degrees C elicited responses. Mechanical stimuli were effective in the carp, but not in the bullfrog. 7. The "water response" was found in the bullfrog, but not in the carp. 8. Sensitivities of the olfactory epithelia of the two animals were compared and discussed.
在牛蛙和鲤鱼的嗅球中研究了各种味觉刺激物对嗅上皮的影响。1. 这两种动物的嗅上皮对咸、苦和酸味物质有反应，但对甜味物质无反应。2. 牛蛙的嗅上皮对高浓度钠溶液立即产生反应（“初始反应”），但对低浓度钠溶液的反应潜伏期较长（“延迟反应”）。在鲤鱼中，发现了“初始反应”，但在大多数情况下未发现“延迟反应”。仅偶尔发现“负”延迟反应。3. 这两种动物仅对高碱或酸溶液有反应。4. 当向盐酸溶液中加入0.05M氯化钠时，在牛蛙中发现增强作用，而在鲤鱼中则产生减弱作用。相反，当向氢氧化钠溶液中加入0.05M氯化钠时，在鲤鱼中产生增强作用，而在牛蛙中未发现一致的结果。5. 许多氨基酸对牛蛙是有效的刺激物，但在鲤鱼中仅发现甜菜碱和L-天冬氨酸有效。6. 温度变化超过35摄氏度或低于10摄氏度会引发反应。机械刺激对鲤鱼有效，但对牛蛙无效。7. 在牛蛙中发现了“水反应”，但在鲤鱼中未发现。8. 比较并讨论了这两种动物嗅上皮的敏感性。
