Takagi S F, Iino M, Yarita H, Mori K
Jpn J Physiol. 1978;28(2):129-48. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.28.129.
The stimulating effects of mono- and divalent cations and anions were studied in the olfactory epithelia of the bullfrog and the carp. The rhythmic waves induced by these ions were recorded in the olfactory bulb. 1. Many mono- and divalent cations and anions showed stimulating actions in the bullfrog and the carp. 2. Microelectrode studies disclosed that the olfactory receptor cells respond to different ions differently. 3. When many ions were applied with various concentrations, responses appeared with long latencies while the concentration was very low (the "delayed responses"). The responses nearly disappeared at the intermediate concentrations, but then responses with short latencies appeared at the higher concentrations (the "initial responses"). Thus, many ions showed dual responses in the bullfrog, although some exceptional cases were found (choline+, Tl+, La3+, Cd2+). 4. Cd2+ and other heavy metal ions showed depressive actions upon the responses induced by other ions in the olfactory epithelium. 5. Tetrodotoxin of even 10 (-5) g/ml was found ineffective in depressing the rhythmic waves induced by ions. 6. Chemoreceptive activities of the olfactory epithelia of the bullfrog and the carp were compared with the activities of the gustatory receptors. They were also compared with the other chemoreceptors of the fish, namely the palatal organ, external chemoreceptors over the snout region and the lateral-line organ. Chemical senses of the fish were discussed.
研究了一价和二价阳离子及阴离子对牛蛙和鲤鱼嗅上皮的刺激作用。在嗅球中记录了由这些离子诱导的节律性电波。1. 许多一价和二价阳离子及阴离子在牛蛙和鲤鱼中表现出刺激作用。2. 微电极研究表明，嗅觉受体细胞对不同离子的反应不同。3. 当以各种浓度施加多种离子时，在浓度非常低时反应出现延迟（“延迟反应”）。在中等浓度时反应几乎消失，但在较高浓度时出现潜伏期短的反应（“初始反应”）。因此，许多离子在牛蛙中表现出双重反应，不过也发现了一些例外情况（胆碱离子、铊离子、镧离子、镉离子）。4. 镉离子和其他重金属离子对嗅上皮中其他离子诱导的反应有抑制作用。5. 发现即使浓度为10（-5）克/毫升的河豚毒素对抑制离子诱导的节律性电波也无效。6. 将牛蛙和鲤鱼嗅上皮的化学感受活性与味觉受体的活性进行了比较。还将它们与鱼类的其他化学感受器，即腭器官、吻部区域的外部化学感受器和侧线器官进行了比较。讨论了鱼类的化学感觉。
