Aga Khan University, Department of Community Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Karachi, Pakistan.
Child Abuse Negl. 2019 May;91:109-115. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.004. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
Families where parents had childhood history of victimization may likely to abuse their children; hence contributing as an important predictor of child emotional maltreatment (CEM). This study aimed to determine the relationship of intergenerational abuse with CEM among 11-17 years old children residing in peri-urban and urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan.
Structured interviews were conducted with 800 children and parents-pair using validated questionnaire "International Child Abuse Screening Tool for Child (ICAST-C)" comprised of 4 domains. Domain of child emotional maltreatment was considered as outcome (CEM-score). The relationship between Parental history of childhood victimization and CEM-Score was measured using linear regression.
The average CEM-score was came to be 19+5.2 among children whom parental history of childhood victimization was present (P < 0.001). The estimated mean CEM-score increased by 5.59 units (95% CI= {2.61, 8.51}) among children whom parents had a history of childhood victimization (Intergenerational abuse) with severe physical familial abuse.
The current study provided evidence on intergenerational transmission of maltreatment suggesting early prevention to break the cycle of child maltreatment through generations. Preventive measures can be taken, once a parental history of childhood victimization has been identified, by providing appropriate services to those families who belong to lower socioeconomic status, where mothers are young, presence of siblings' rivalry/ bullying and/or violence among family members. However, these factors do not explain a complete causality of the intergenerational transmission therefore additional factors, for instance parenting styles must be taken into consideration.
父母有儿童期受虐史的家庭可能更有可能虐待子女；因此，这是儿童情感虐待（CEM）的一个重要预测因素。本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦卡拉奇城乡社区 11-17 岁儿童中代际虐待与 CEM 的关系。
使用经过验证的问卷“儿童国际虐待筛查工具（ICAST-C）”对 800 名儿童及其父母进行了结构访谈，该问卷由 4 个领域组成。儿童情感虐待领域被视为结果（CEM 评分）。使用线性回归测量父母童年受虐史与 CEM 评分之间的关系。
有父母童年受虐史的儿童的平均 CEM 评分达到 19+5.2（P<0.001）。在父母有童年受虐史（代际虐待）的儿童中，CEM 评分估计平均增加 5.59 个单位（95%CI={2.61, 8.51}）。对于那些父母有童年受虐史且存在严重身体家庭虐待的儿童。
本研究提供了代际虐待传递的证据，表明通过几代人早期预防来打破儿童虐待的循环。一旦发现父母有童年受虐史，可以采取预防措施，为那些属于社会经济地位较低、母亲年轻、兄弟姐妹之间存在竞争/欺凌和/或家庭成员之间存在暴力的家庭提供适当的服务。然而，这些因素并不能完全解释代际传递的因果关系，因此必须考虑其他因素，例如育儿方式。
