Alhammoud Marine, Morel Baptiste, Hansen Clint, Wilson Mathew, Mecca Regis, Nael Erick, Hautier Christophe
Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
French Ski Federation, Annecy, France.
Int J Sports Med. 2019 May;40(5):317-330. doi: 10.1055/a-0850-0016. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Standard outcomes of traditional isokinetic testing do not detect differences between various muscle mechanical properties. This study i) explored a novel analysis throughout the range of motion based on statistical parametric mapping and ii) examined the impact of sex and discipline on hamstrings/quadriceps torque in elite alpine skiers. Twenty-eight national team skiers (14 females, 14 males; 14 technical, 14 speed) undertook an isokinetic evaluation of the knee flexors/extensors (range 30-90°, 0° representing full extension). There was no effect of sex (p=0.864, d=0.03) and discipline (p=0.360, d=0.17) on maximal hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and no effect of discipline on maximal torque (p>0.156, d≤0.25). Hamstrings torque and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio were lower in females than males toward knee extension only (p<0.05). Quadriceps torque was greater after 72° of knee flexion in technicians than downhill skiers (p<0.05). The current data showed that statistical parametric mapping analysis identified angle-specific differences that could not be evidenced when analyzing only maximal torques and reconstructed ratios. This may enhance screening methods to identify pathologic knee function or monitor rehabilitation programs, and inform sex- and discipline-specific training in alpine skiing.
传统等速测试的标准结果无法检测出各种肌肉力学特性之间的差异。本研究：i）基于统计参数映射探索了一种在整个运动范围内的新型分析方法；ii）研究了性别和项目对优秀高山滑雪运动员腘绳肌/股四头肌扭矩的影响。28名国家队滑雪运动员（14名女性，14名男性；14名技术型，14名速度型）接受了膝关节屈伸肌的等速评估（范围为30-90°，0°代表完全伸展）。性别（p=0.864，d=0.03）和项目（p=0.360，d=0.17）对最大腘绳肌与股四头肌比率均无影响，项目对最大扭矩也无影响（p>0.156，d≤0.25）。仅在膝关节伸展时，女性的腘绳肌扭矩和腘绳肌与股四头肌比率低于男性（p<0.05）。技术型运动员在膝关节屈曲72°后的股四头肌扭矩大于速降滑雪运动员（p<0.05）。目前的数据表明，统计参数映射分析识别出了特定角度的差异，而仅分析最大扭矩和重构比率时无法证明这些差异。这可能会增强筛查方法，以识别病理性膝关节功能或监测康复计划，并为高山滑雪中针对性别和项目的训练提供参考。
