Hilber Urs W, Hilber-Bodmer Maja
Department of Plant Pathology, Swiss Federal Research Station, CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
Plant Dis. 1998 May;82(5):496-500. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.5.496.
The anilinopyrimidines constitute a new class of mainly protective, broad-spectrum fungicides with a high activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana, the causal agent of gray mold on a wide range of host plants. The present study was initiated to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to anilinopyrimidines in B. fuckeliana and to assess the frequency of resistant isolates in vineyards in Switzerland exposed to experimental applications of anilinopyrimidines. In mating experiments, two sensitive reference isolates were crossed with three anilinopyrimidine-resistant field isolates. The analysis of 72 sexual progeny from six apothecia demonstrated that resistance to the anilinopyrimidine fungicide cyprodinil segregated in a 1:1 ratio and is therefore monogenic. The same segregation ratio was found for resistance to the dicarboximide fungicide vinclozolin. Resistance to cyprodinil segregated independently from resistance to vinclozolin. From 1993 to 1995, isolates of B. fuckeliana were collected in Switzerland from five vineyards that differed in their anilinopyrimidine spray history. Of a total of 303 isolates tested in vitro, three anilinopyrimidine-resistant isolates were detected in two vineyards where the cumulative number of treatments was between two and nine. The results of the study are discussed with respect to the implementation of an antiresistance strategy in Switzerland.
苯胺嘧啶类构成了一类新型的主要起保护作用的广谱杀菌剂，对引起多种寄主植物灰霉病的富克尔核盘菌具有高活性。本研究旨在调查富克尔核盘菌对苯胺嘧啶类抗性的遗传基础，并评估瑞士葡萄园经苯胺嘧啶类试验性施用后抗性分离株的频率。在交配试验中，将两个敏感参考分离株与三个对苯胺嘧啶类有抗性的田间分离株进行杂交。对来自六个子囊果的72个有性后代的分析表明，对苯胺嘧啶类杀菌剂嘧菌环胺的抗性呈1:1分离，因此是单基因的。对二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂乙烯菌核利的抗性也发现了相同的分离比例。对嘧菌环胺的抗性与对乙烯菌核利的抗性独立分离。1993年至1995年期间，在瑞士从五个苯胺嘧啶类喷雾历史不同的葡萄园收集了富克尔核盘菌分离株。在总共303个体外测试的分离株中，在两个累积处理次数在2至9次之间的葡萄园检测到三个对苯胺嘧啶类有抗性的分离株。结合瑞士抗药性策略的实施对本研究结果进行了讨论。
