Psychiatry University of TorontoSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreOntario,Canada.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2019 Feb;31(2):167-168. doi: 10.1017/S1041610218002132.
Many authors over the centuries have attempted to refute popular negative stereotypes about aging. In 2010, Depp, Vahia, and Jeste reviewed theories of success in aging (Depp et al., 2010), and some examples include Erikson's life stage theory in which he posited that successful resolution of earlier conflicts led to integrity in later life instead of despair; disengagement theory referred to the fact that in our culture, aging is associated with social isolation and reduced societal involvement - with this theory, successful adaptation to aging means coping with this normative disengagement in a healthy manner; activity theory referred to continued engagement in later life; continuity theory emphasized the role of adapting oneself to maintain consistency with earlier life roles. The common theme is that longevity is not enough, and a successful aging process means delaying the onset of disability, compressing morbidity, or shortening the proportion of the lifespan in which one is disabled.
几个世纪以来，许多作者试图反驳有关衰老的普遍负面刻板印象。2010 年，Depp、Vahia 和 Jeste 回顾了衰老成功的理论（Depp 等人，2010 年），其中一些例子包括埃里克森的生命阶段理论，他认为早期冲突的成功解决导致了晚年的完整而不是绝望；脱离理论是指在我们的文化中，衰老与社会隔离和减少社会参与有关——根据这一理论，成功适应衰老意味着以健康的方式应对这种规范性脱离；活动理论是指在晚年继续参与；连续性理论强调了自我适应的作用，以保持与早期生活角色的一致性。共同的主题是，长寿是不够的，成功的衰老过程意味着延迟残疾的发作，压缩发病，或缩短残疾的寿命比例。
