Kretzschmar Kira, Tyroll Holly, Pavarini Gabriela, Manzini Arianna, Singh Ilina
Oxford Neuroscience, Ethics and Society Young People's Advisory Group, Department of Pychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Department of Psychiatry and Wellcome Centre for Ethics & Humanities, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Biomed Inform Insights. 2019 Mar 5;11:1178222619829083. doi: 10.1177/1178222619829083. eCollection 2019.
Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of digital interventions that aim to either supplement or replace face-to-face mental health services. More recently, a number of automated conversational agents have also been made available, which respond to users in ways that mirror a real-life interaction. What are the social and ethical concerns that arise from these advances? In this article, we discuss, from a young person's perspective, the strengths and limitations of using chatbots in mental health support. We also outline what we consider to be minimum ethical standards for these platforms, including issues surrounding privacy and confidentiality, efficacy, and safety, and review three existing platforms (Woebot, Joy, and Wysa) according to our proposed framework. It is our hope that this article will stimulate ethical debate among app developers, practitioners, young people, and other stakeholders, and inspire ethically responsible practice in digital mental health.
在过去十年中，旨在补充或取代面对面心理健康服务的数字干预手段呈爆发式增长。最近，一些自动化对话代理也已问世，它们以类似于现实生活互动的方式回应用户。这些进展引发了哪些社会和伦理问题？在本文中，我们从年轻人的视角讨论在心理健康支持中使用聊天机器人的优点和局限性。我们还概述了我们认为这些平台应遵循的最低道德标准，包括围绕隐私和保密、功效以及安全等问题，并根据我们提出的框架对三个现有平台（Woebot、Joy和Wysa）进行审查。我们希望本文能激发应用程序开发者、从业者、年轻人及其他利益相关者之间的伦理辩论，并在数字心理健康领域推动符合伦理道德的负责任实践。
