van Zyl Dwain G, Mautner Josef, Delecluse Henri-Jacques
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Heidelberg, Germany.
Front Oncol. 2019 Feb 25;9:104. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00104. eCollection 2019.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that imparts a significant burden of disease on the human population. EBV is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and is etiologically linked to the development of numerous malignancies. In recent years, evidence has also been amassed that strongly implicate EBV in the development of several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination has been touted as a possible means of preventing EBV infection and controlling EBV-associated diseases. However, despite several decades of research, no licensed EBV vaccine is available. The majority of EBV vaccination studies over the last two decades have focused on the major envelope protein gp350, culminating in a phase II clinical trial that showed soluble gp350 reduced the incidence of IM, although it was unable to protect against EBV infection. Recently, novel vaccine candidates with increased structural complexity and antigenic content have been developed. The ability of next generation vaccines to safeguard against B-cell and epithelial cell infection, as well as to target infected cells during all phases of infection, is likely to decrease the negative impact of EBV infection on the human population.
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是一种普遍存在的病原体，给人类带来了重大的疾病负担。EBV是传染性单核细胞增多症的主要病因，并且在病因上与多种恶性肿瘤的发生有关。近年来，也积累了大量证据，有力地表明EBV与包括多发性硬化症在内的几种自身免疫性疾病的发生有关。预防性和治疗性疫苗接种被吹捧为预防EBV感染和控制EBV相关疾病的一种可能手段。然而，尽管经过了几十年的研究，仍没有获得许可的EBV疫苗。过去二十年里，大多数EBV疫苗接种研究都集中在主要包膜蛋白gp350上，最终进行了一项II期临床试验，该试验表明可溶性gp350降低了IM的发病率，尽管它无法预防EBV感染。最近，已经开发出了结构复杂性和抗原含量增加的新型候选疫苗。新一代疫苗预防B细胞和上皮细胞感染的能力，以及在感染的所有阶段靶向感染细胞的能力，可能会降低EBV感染对人类的负面影响。
