Ghadiri Maliheh, Young Paul M, Traini Daniela
Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Pharmaceutics. 2019 Mar 11;11(3):113. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030113.
New therapeutic agents such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid-based agents are being developed every year, making it vital to find a non-invasive route such as nasal or pulmonary for their administration. However, a major concern for some of these newly developed therapeutic agents is their poor absorption. Therefore, absorption enhancers have been investigated to address this major administration problem. This paper describes the basic concepts of transmucosal administration of drugs, and in particular the use of the pulmonary or nasal routes for administration of drugs with poor absorption. Strategies for the exploitation of absorption enhancers for the improvement of pulmonary or nasal administration are discussed, including use of surfactants, cyclodextrins, protease inhibitors, and tight junction modulators, as well as application of carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles.
每年都在研发诸如蛋白质、肽和核酸类药物等新型治疗剂，因此找到一种非侵入性给药途径（如经鼻或经肺给药）至关重要。然而，这些新研发的治疗剂中的一些存在的一个主要问题是吸收较差。因此，人们对吸收促进剂进行了研究以解决这一主要给药问题。本文介绍了药物经黏膜给药的基本概念，特别是肺部或鼻腔给药途径用于吸收较差药物的给药。讨论了利用吸收促进剂改善肺部或鼻腔给药的策略，包括使用表面活性剂、环糊精、蛋白酶抑制剂和紧密连接调节剂，以及应用脂质体和纳米颗粒等载体。
