Climent-Rodríguez José Antonio, Navarro-Abal Yolanda, López-López María José, Gómez-Salgado Juan, García Marta Evelia Aparicio
Universidad Isabel I de Castilla, Burgos, Spain.
Department of Social, Developmental and Education Psychology, Faculty of Education Science, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2019 Feb 26;10:366. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00366. eCollection 2019.
Loss of employment is an experience that is lived and interpreted differently depending on a series of individual variables, including the psychological resources available to the affected person as well as their perception of their degree of employability. Losing one's job can be one of the most painful and traumatic events a person has to withstand. Following a dismissal, the worker needs to overcome a period of emotional adaptation to the loss. But that period of grieving can also condition the job searching process of the individual and can be influenced by different variables, highlighting the age and work experience. The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between intensity and type of affliction due to the loss of employment in older workers and their level of employability. We carried out a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 140 unemployed participants, from 19 to 65 years of age-users of Job Orientation in the Public Employment Service of Andalusia (Spain). Of the total participants, 66 were unemployed and over 45 years of age. They all took the Labour Insertion Potential Assessment Test and the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, adapted for job loss. Significant differences are shown in the grieving process due to loss of employment between both groups, with the older unemployed living the process more intensely. In relation to the employability potential, differences are found between both groups in terms of availability, perceived difficulties and fears. Interrelationships between total grieving intensity and the importance that older jobseekers give to work are also indicated. Loss of employment and the psychological and health consequences of this situation are identified with those that arise in the grieving process. Older workers present a series of features that determine that their job loss grieving process is more intense and lasts longer than that of other younger workers, regardless of whether the job loss was recent or not. On the other hand, it is shown that the intensity of grieving for job loss is related to the decrease of certain variables that are part of the concept of employability.
失业是一种因人而异的经历，其体验和解读会因一系列个人变量而有所不同，这些变量包括受影响者所拥有的心理资源以及他们对自身就业能力的认知。失去工作可能是一个人不得不承受的最痛苦、最具创伤性的事件之一。被解雇后，工人需要度过一段对失业进行情绪调适的时期。但这段悲伤期也会影响个人的求职过程，并且会受到不同变量的影响，其中年龄和工作经验尤为突出。本研究的目的是分析老年工人因失业而产生的痛苦强度和类型与其就业能力水平之间的关系。我们开展了一项描述性和分析性的横断面研究。样本由140名失业参与者组成，年龄在19岁至65岁之间，他们是西班牙安达卢西亚公共就业服务机构求职指导的用户。在所有参与者中，66人失业且年龄超过45岁。他们都参加了劳动融入潜力评估测试以及针对失业情况改编的德克萨斯修订哀伤量表。两组在因失业而产生的悲伤过程中存在显著差异，年龄较大的失业者经历该过程的强度更大。在就业能力潜力方面，两组在可获得性、感知到的困难和恐惧方面存在差异。研究还指出了总体悲伤强度与老年求职者对工作重视程度之间的相互关系。失业及其带来的心理和健康后果与悲伤过程中出现的情况相关。老年工人呈现出一系列特征，这些特征决定了他们失业后的悲伤过程比其他年轻工人更强烈、持续时间更长，无论失业是否是近期发生的。另一方面，研究表明，因失业而产生的悲伤强度与就业能力概念中某些变量的下降有关。
