Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
Chembiochem. 2019 Aug 1;20(15):1871-1897. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201800806. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
Enzymes catalyze a plethora of highly specific transformations under mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions. Their fascinating performances attest to high synthetic potential that is often hampered by operational obstacles such as in vitro cofactor supply and regeneration. Exploiting light and combining it with biocatalysis not only helps in overcoming these drawbacks, but the fruitful liaison of these two fields of "green chemistry" also offers opportunities to unlock new synthetic reactivities. In this review we provide an overview of the wide variety of photo-biocatalysis, ranging from the photochemical delivery of electrons required in redox biocatalysis and photochemical cofactor and reagent (re)generation to direct photoactivation of enzymes enabling reactions unknown in nature. We highlight synthetically relevant transformations such as asymmetric reactions facilitated by the combination of light as energy source and enzymes' catalytic power.
酶在温和且环境友好的反应条件下催化多种高度特异性的转化。它们引人入胜的表现证明了其具有很高的合成潜力，但通常会受到体外辅因子供应和再生等操作障碍的阻碍。利用光并将其与生物催化相结合，不仅有助于克服这些缺点，而且这两个“绿色化学”领域的有益结合也为解锁新的合成反应性提供了机会。在这篇综述中，我们概述了广泛的光生物催化，包括氧化还原生物催化所需的电子的光化学传递以及光化学辅因子和试剂（再）生成，再到直接光激活酶以实现自然界中未知的反应。我们重点介绍了一些具有合成意义的转化，例如通过将光作为能量源和酶的催化能力相结合来实现不对称反应。
