Chandar Deepika, Naik Bijaya Nanda, Thumati Goutham, Sarkar Sonali
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2018 Dec 31;32(5):ijamh-2018-0001. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0001.
Background Adolescence is a crucial period for growth and dietary habit formation among females for leading a healthy life in future. Objective To assess the dietary habits and nutritional status using the body mass index (BMI) among adolescent girls from a rural village in Puducherry. Methodology This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted during February 2017 among 252 adolescent girls in rural Puducherry. A semi-structured pre-tested interview schedule was used to obtain information on socio-demographic details and dietary habits from adolescent girls. Height and weight were measured by standard techniques recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nutritional status was assessed according to the WHO BMI for age for 5-19 years. Regular and occasional food consumption were defined as consumption of particular items >3 and <3 times a week, respectively. Results Mean age of the participants was 13.79 + 2.11 years and 91.3% were non-vegetarians. The majority of adolescent girls ate cereals (97.4%) and pulses (54%) regularly. However, regular vegetable (34.5%) and fruit (13.1%) consumption was low. Only about 10% and <2% had regular consumption of milk and iron-rich vegetables and fruits, respectively. Regular consumption of junk food items was found among 5.6%. Prevalence of thinness among adolescent girls was 10.7% (95% CI: 7.3-15) and overweight was 13.5% (95% CI: 9.7-18.1). Conclusion In this adolescent population, though consumption of cereals and pulses were adequate and satisfactory, the consumption of fruits, vegetables and iron/calcium rich foods was inadequate and poor. About one-fourth of adolescent girls had an abnormal nutritional status. Hence, focused nutritional and health-education intervention should be given to encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables, iron-rich and calcium-rich food items.
青春期是女性成长及饮食习惯形成的关键时期，对其未来的健康生活至关重要。目的：评估印度本地治里一个乡村地区青春期女孩的饮食习惯及使用体重指数（BMI）评估其营养状况。方法：2017年2月，在印度本地治里农村地区的252名青春期女孩中开展了这项基于社区的横断面研究。采用经过预测试的半结构化访谈问卷，从青春期女孩处获取社会人口学细节及饮食习惯信息。按照世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的标准技术测量身高和体重。根据WHO针对5至19岁年龄组的年龄别BMI评估营养状况。经常食用和偶尔食用特定食物分别定义为每周食用特定食物>3次和<3次。结果：参与者的平均年龄为13.79±2.11岁，91.3%为非素食者。大多数青春期女孩经常食用谷物（97.4%）和豆类（54%）。然而，蔬菜（34.5%）和水果（13.1%）的经常食用率较低。分别只有约10%和<2%的女孩经常饮用牛奶以及食用富含铁的蔬菜和水果。5.6%的女孩经常食用垃圾食品。青春期女孩中消瘦的患病率为10.7%（95%置信区间：7.3 - 15），超重患病率为13.5%（95%置信区间：9.7 - 18.1）。结论：在这个青春期人群中，尽管谷物和豆类的食用量充足且令人满意，但水果、蔬菜以及富含铁/钙食物的食用量不足且较差。约四分之一的青春期女孩营养状况异常。因此，应开展有针对性的营养和健康教育干预，以鼓励食用水果、蔬菜、富含铁和钙的食物。
