Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of - and -Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia in Southwest Iran.

This prospective study assessed the prevalence and genetic analysis of - and -thalassemia and sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Southwest Iran. Hematological indices were measured in 17,581 couples living in Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran. Individuals with mean corpuscular volume <80, mean corpuscular hemoglobin <27, hemoglobin A2 ≥3/5 were considered as -thalassemia traits. Prevalence of minor -thalassemia, -thalassemia, SCA, iron deficiency anemia, and silent thalassemia were respectively identified in 995 (5.6%), 1169 (6.65%), 1240 (7.05%), 911 (5.18%), and 1134 (6.45%) individuals using a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system, and direct DNA sequencing of globin genes. Three codons IVS-II-1 (G → A; 26%; = 13), IVS-I-1 (G → T; 16%; = 8), and IVS-I-110 (G → A; 14%; = 7) were the most frequent mutants and IVS-II-1 was the most common -thalassemia mutation. Also, based on a gap-polymerase chain reaction assay, genotype frequencies of -globin mutations were - (50%; = 25), Med/ (12%; = 6), and -4.2/ (10%; = 5), which were the most frequent deletion mutants (72% in total). The most common deletion (50%) was -. Our data suggest that the population of Southwest Iran is at high risk of - and -thalassemia caused by these deletion mutants and SCA. Our findings will be useful for developing an efficient control program and genetic counseling.