在奥地利救护人员遭遇重大事件后，其韧性与创伤后成长呈正相关。
Sense of coherence is linked to post-traumatic growth after critical incidents in Austrian ambulance personnel.
机构信息
University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
Center for Integrative Addiction Research (Grüner Kreis Society), Rudolfsplatz 9, A-1010, Vienna, Austria.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Mar 11;19(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s12888-019-2065-z.
BACKGROUND
Ambulance personnel, as well as other emergency services like fire-fighters or the police force, are regularly confronted with experiences of extreme psychological distress and potentially traumatizing events in the line of their daily duties. As a consequence, this occupational group is exposed to an elevated risk of developing symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSS). Subsequently, symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress have been observed as potentially co-occurring with Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) in ambulance personnel as well. Therefore, in this study we hypothesized that Sense of Coherence (SOC) might play an important role as an underlying feature in enabling growth after stressful experiences in Austrian ambulance personnel.
METHODS
In this study, voluntary and full-time ambulance personnel (n = 266) of the Austrian Red Cross ambulance service completed an online survey including the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) for the assessment of PTSS. In line with theoretical considerations, a two-step cluster analysis limited to four clusters and further ANOVAs were conducted.
RESULTS
Four clusters were confirmed and labelled PTSS-low/PTG-low, PTSS-low/PTG-high, PTSS-high/PTG-high and PTSS-high/PTG-low. Further ANOVAs revealed substantial cluster differences in SOC, with higher SOC-levels in PTSS-high/PTG-high than in PTSS-high/PTG-low (p < .01), in PTSS-low/PTG-high than in PTSS-low/PTG-low (p < .01) and in PTSS-low/PTG-high than in PTSS-high/PTG-low (p < .01).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings point to a significant association between SOC and the development of PTG in ambulance personnel. Furthermore, the results suggest that growth and stress after critical incidents are independent from each other and can co-exist. Therefore, promoting SOC (e.g., meaningfulness) in ambulance personnel - e.g., through psychological interventions - might preserve and enhance psychological health after critical incidents.
背景
急救人员，以及其他紧急服务人员，如消防员或警察，在日常工作中经常面临极度心理困扰和潜在创伤事件的经历。因此，这个职业群体面临着发展创伤后应激症状（PTSS）的风险增加。随后，在急救人员中也观察到创伤后应激症状与创伤后成长（PTG）同时存在。因此，在这项研究中，我们假设，在奥地利急救人员经历压力后，心理韧性（SOC）可能作为一种潜在特征，在促进成长方面发挥重要作用。
方法
在这项研究中，奥地利红十字会急救服务的志愿和全职急救人员（n=266）完成了一项在线调查，其中包括心理韧性量表（SOC-29）、创伤后成长量表（PTGI）和修订后的事件影响量表（IES-R），以评估创伤后应激症状。根据理论考虑，我们进行了两步聚类分析，限制在四个聚类，然后进行方差分析。
结果
确认并标记了四个聚类，分别为：PTSS 低/PTG 低、PTSS 低/PTG 高、PTSS 高/PTG 高和 PTSS 高/PTG 低。进一步的方差分析显示 SOC 存在显著的聚类差异，PTSS 高/PTG 高聚类的 SOC 水平明显高于 PTSS 高/PTG 低聚类（p<0.01），PTSS 低/PTG 高聚类的 SOC 水平明显高于 PTSS 低/PTG 低聚类（p<0.01），PTSS 低/PTG 高聚类的 SOC 水平明显高于 PTSS 高/PTG 低聚类（p<0.01）。
结论
我们的研究结果表明 SOC 与急救人员的 PTG 发展显著相关。此外，研究结果表明，关键事件后的成长和压力是相互独立的，可以同时存在。因此，在急救人员中促进 SOC（例如，意义感）——例如，通过心理干预——可能会在关键事件后保护和增强心理健康。
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