Anthropology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland, New Zealand.
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 14;14(3):e0212941. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212941. eCollection 2019.
Over the span of some 700 years the colonizing populations of Aotearoa New Zealand grew, with subsequent changes in levels of interaction and social affiliation. Historical accounts document that Māori society transformed from relatively autonomous village-based groups into larger territorial lineages, which later formed even larger geo-political tribal associations. These shifts have not been well-documented in the archaeological record, but social network analysis (SNA) of pXRF sourced obsidian recovered from 15 archaeological sites documents variable levels of similarity and affiliation. Three site communities and two source communities are defined based on the differential proportions of obsidian from 13 distinct sources. Distance and travel time between archaeological sites and obsidian sources were not the defining factors for obsidian source selection and community membership, rather social considerations are implicated. Some archaeological sites incorporated material from far off sources, and in some instances geographically close sites contained material from different sources and were assigned to different communities. The analytical site communities constitute relational identifications that partially correspond to categorical identities of current Māori iwi (tribal) territories and boundaries. Based on very limited temporal information, these site communities are thought to have coalesced sometime after AD 1500. By incorporating previously published and unpublished data, the SNA of obsidian artefacts defined robust network communities that reflect differential levels of Māori interaction and affiliation.
在大约 700 年的时间里，新西兰的殖民者人口不断增长，随之而来的是互动和社会联系程度的变化。历史记载表明，毛利社会从相对自治的以村庄为基础的群体转变为更大的领土世系，后来又形成了更大的地缘政治部落联盟。这些变化在考古记录中没有得到很好的记录，但对从 15 个考古遗址中采集的 pXRF 来源黑曜石进行的社会网络分析（SNA）记录了不同程度的相似性和联系。根据来自 13 个不同来源的黑曜石的不同比例，确定了三个遗址社区和两个来源社区。考古遗址之间的距离和旅行时间并不是选择黑曜石来源和社区成员身份的决定性因素，而是社会因素在起作用。一些考古遗址采用了来自遥远来源的材料，而在某些情况下，地理位置较近的遗址则包含了来自不同来源的材料，并被分配到不同的社区。分析性的遗址社区构成了部分对应于当前毛利部落（部落）领土和边界的分类身份的关系认同。根据非常有限的时间信息，这些遗址社区被认为是在公元 1500 年后某个时候形成的。通过纳入以前发表和未发表的数据，黑曜石制品的 SNA 定义了强大的网络社区，反映了毛利人互动和联系的不同程度。
