Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Behav Cogn Psychother. 2019 Sep;47(5):559-572. doi: 10.1017/S1352465819000018. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
Psychological treatments provide many benefits for patients with psychiatric disorders, but research also suggests that negative effects might occur from the interventions involved. The Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ) has previously been developed as a way of determining the occurrence and characteristics of such incidents, consisting of 32 items and six factors. However, the NEQ has yet to be examined using modern test theory, which could help to improve the understanding of how well the instrument works psychometrically.
The current study investigated the reliability and validity of the NEQ from both a person and item perspective, establishing goodness-of-fit, item bias, and scale precision.
The NEQ was distributed to 564 patients in five clinical trials at post-treatment. Data were analysed using Rasch analysis, i.e. a modern test theory application.
(1) the NEQ exhibits fairness in testing across sociodemographics, (2) shows comparable validity for a final and condensed scale of 20 instead of 32 items, (3) uses a rating scale that advances monotonically in steps of 0 to 4, and (4) is suitable for monitoring negative effects on an item-level.
The NEQ is proposed as a useful instrument for investigating negative effects in psychological treatments, and its newer shorter format could facilitate its use in clinical and research settings. However, further research is needed to explore the relationship between negative effects and treatment outcome, as well as to test it in more diverse patient populations.
心理治疗为精神障碍患者带来了诸多益处，但研究也表明，干预措施可能会带来负面效应。《负面效应问卷》（NEQ）此前已被开发出来，用于确定此类事件的发生和特征，该问卷由 32 个项目和 6 个因素组成。然而，该问卷尚未使用现代测试理论进行检验，这有助于更好地了解该工具在心理测量学上的工作情况。
本研究从个体和项目两个角度探讨了 NEQ 的信度和效度，确定了拟合优度、项目偏差和量表精度。
在治疗后，将 NEQ 分发给 564 名参加五项临床试验的患者。使用 Rasch 分析（一种现代测试理论应用）对数据进行分析。
（1）NEQ 在测试跨社会人口统计学方面具有公平性，（2）显示出可比的有效性，最终和精简的 20 项量表而不是 32 项项目，（3）使用了一种评分量表，以 0 到 4 的步长递增，（4）适合监测项目层面的负面效应。
NEQ 被提议作为一种有用的工具，用于研究心理治疗中的负面效应，其更新的更简短的格式可以促进其在临床和研究环境中的使用。然而，需要进一步研究来探索负面效应与治疗结果之间的关系，并在更多样化的患者群体中进行测试。
