Gurusiddaiah S, Weller D M, Sarkar A, Cook R J
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Mar;29(3):488-95. doi: 10.1128/AAC.29.3.488.
The production, isolation, and characterization of an antibiotic substance from cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 (NRRL B-15132) is described. P. fluorescens 2-79 originally was isolated from the roots of wheat and is suppressive to the wheat root disease take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The antibiotic was isolated from potato glucose broth cultures of strain 2-79 by solvent extraction. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography and was a greenish yellow, needle-shaped crystal with a melting point of 242 degrees C (decomposition). It was soluble in methylene chloride, chloroform, acetone, 2 N sodium hydroxide, and 2 N hydrochloric acid and was insoluble in water, methanol, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, hexane, and petroleum ether. On the basis of UV, infrared, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral analysis, and elemental analysis, the structure of the antibiotic is proposed to be a dimer of phenazine carboxylic acid. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the antibiotic yielded hydroxymethyl phenazine as a major product which retained most of the biological characteristics of the parent molecule. There were no toxic symptoms when mice received this antibiotic by oral doses up to 464 mg/kg. The antibiotic showed excellent activity against several species of fungi, including the wheat pathogens Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium aristosporum; and it may have a role in suppression of take-all in vivo by strain 2-79.
描述了从荧光假单胞菌2-79（NRRL B-15132）培养物中生产、分离和鉴定一种抗生素物质的过程。荧光假单胞菌2-79最初是从小麦根部分离出来的，对由禾顶囊壳小麦变种引起的小麦根病全蚀病具有抑制作用。通过溶剂萃取从2-79菌株的马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤培养物中分离出该抗生素。通过硅胶柱色谱法对其进行纯化，它是一种黄绿色针状晶体，熔点为242℃（分解）。它可溶于二氯甲烷、氯仿、丙酮、2N氢氧化钠和2N盐酸，不溶于水、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、乙醚、四氯化碳、己烷和石油醚。基于紫外、红外、1H-核磁共振、13C-核磁共振、质谱分析和元素分析，推测该抗生素的结构为吩嗪羧酸二聚体。该抗生素经氢化铝锂还原产生羟甲基吩嗪作为主要产物，其保留了母体分子的大部分生物学特性。小鼠口服剂量高达464mg/kg该抗生素时未出现毒性症状。该抗生素对几种真菌表现出优异的活性，包括小麦病原菌禾顶囊壳小麦变种、立枯丝核菌和瓜果腐霉；并且它可能在2-79菌株体内抑制全蚀病中发挥作用。
