Martos Tamás, Sallay Viola, Nagy Marianna, Gregus Henrietta, Filep Orsolya
Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Psychol. 2019 Feb 28;10:400. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00400. eCollection 2019.
Relational accounts of goal striving have barely considered dyadic coping as an element of the process, nor has dyadic coping research utilized the unique advantages of the goal construct (e.g., in form of personal project assessment) so far. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to explore stress and dyadic coping experiences associated with the personal projects of partners in a close relationship. Moreover, we approached data analysis in a pattern-oriented way, instead of using variable-centered linear models. We used cross-sectional data from 270 married and cohabiting Hungarian heterosexual couples (mean age 40.1 ± 11.2 and 37.8 ± 10.9 years for male and female partners, respectively). Partners individually completed an adapted version of the Personal Project Assessment procedure. First, they named an important but stressful personal project. Respondents appraised their experiences with the chosen personal project along several predefined aspects. These included: (1) stress experiences; (2) dyadic coping, using the adapted Dyadic Coping Inventory; (3) positive emotions; and (4) sense of community. The Relationship Assessment Scale was also assessed. Cluster analysis of both partners' stress experiences, positive and negative dyadic coping strategies in their own personal projects revealed six relationship-level clusters. Cluster solutions represented typical variations of the stress and dyadic coping patterns of the couples, and could be arranged in a three- (lower, medium, and higher stress) by-two (positively vs. negatively balanced dyadic coping pattern) array. Further analyses indicated the general trend that couples with lower (vs. higher) stress together with more positively (vs. negatively) balanced dyadic coping may have experienced better functioning in projects (more positive emotions and higher sense of community) and higher relationship satisfaction. Results confirm that the partners' pursuit of their personal projects is embedded in their relationship, and their functioning in these projects may partly depend on dyadic coping with the stress that arises during the accomplishment of the project. By using a pattern-oriented approach to dyadic data, we were able to distill stress and coping patterns that capture the specific types of couples' relationships and indicate the non-linear and multidimensional nature of stress and dyadic coping processes.
目标追求的关系性描述几乎没有将二元应对视为该过程的一个要素，到目前为止，二元应对研究也未利用目标建构的独特优势（例如，以个人项目评估的形式）。因此，本研究的主要目的是探索与亲密关系中伴侣的个人项目相关的压力和二元应对体验。此外，我们采用了以模式为导向的数据分析方法，而不是使用以变量为中心的线性模型。我们使用了来自270对匈牙利异性已婚和同居夫妇的横断面数据（男性和女性伴侣的平均年龄分别为40.1±11.2岁和37.8±10.9岁）。伴侣们分别完成了个人项目评估程序的一个改编版本。首先，他们说出一个重要但有压力的个人项目。受访者沿着几个预先定义的方面评估了他们在所选个人项目中的经历。这些方面包括：（1）压力体验；（2）使用改编后的二元应对量表进行二元应对；（3）积极情绪；（4）社区感。还评估了关系评估量表。对伴侣双方在各自个人项目中的压力体验、积极和消极二元应对策略进行聚类分析，揭示了六个关系层面的类别。聚类结果代表了夫妻压力和二元应对模式的典型变化，并可以按照三（低、中、高压力）乘二（积极与消极平衡的二元应对模式）的矩阵排列。进一步的分析表明，一般趋势是，压力较低（与较高相比）且二元应对更积极（与消极相比）平衡的夫妻在项目中可能表现更好（有更多积极情绪和更高的社区感），关系满意度也更高。结果证实，伴侣对个人项目的追求嵌入在他们的关系中，他们在这些项目中的表现可能部分取决于对项目完成过程中产生的压力的二元应对。通过对二元数据采用以模式为导向的方法，我们能够提炼出压力和应对模式，这些模式捕捉了特定类型的夫妻关系，并表明了压力和二元应对过程的非线性和多维性质。
