Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.
'Cantacuzino' National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania.
J Med Microbiol. 2019 Apr;68(4):506-537. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000952. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
The development of infections is one of the main complications in orthopaedics, especially in the presence of implants for the osteosynthesis of compound fractures and joint prosthesis. Indeed, foreign materials and implants act as substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of bacterial strains able to produce biofilm, causing peri-implant osteomyelitis. The eradication of biofilm remains a great challenge for the host immune system, as well as for medical and surgical approaches, thus imposing the need for new prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies in which animal models have an essential role. In vivo orthopaedic models have mainly been used to study the pathogenesis of infections, biofilm behaviour and the efficacy of antimicrobial strategies, to select diagnostic techniques and test the efficacy of novel materials or surface modifications to impede both the establishment of bone infections and the associated septic loosening of implants. Among several models of osteomyelitis and implant-related infections described in small rodents and large animals, the rabbit has been widely used as a reliable and reproducible model of orthopaedic infections. This review examines the relevance of rabbits for the development of clinically representative models by analysing the pros and cons of the different approaches published in the literature. This analysis will aid in increasing our knowledge concerning orthopaedic infections by using this species. This review will be a tool for researchers who need to approach pre-clinical studies in the field of bone infection and have to identify the most appropriate animal model to verify their scientific hypothesis.
感染的发展是骨科的主要并发症之一，特别是在存在用于复合骨折和关节假体骨合成的植入物的情况下。事实上，异物和植入物充当了能够产生生物膜的细菌菌株的粘附和增殖的基质，导致植入物周围骨髓炎。生物膜的消除仍然对宿主免疫系统以及医疗和手术方法构成巨大挑战，因此需要新的预防和/或治疗策略，动物模型在其中具有重要作用。体内骨科模型主要用于研究感染的发病机制、生物膜行为和抗菌策略的疗效，以选择诊断技术并测试新型材料或表面改性的疗效，以阻止骨感染的建立和相关植入物的感染性松动。在小型啮齿动物和大型动物中描述的几种骨髓炎和植入物相关感染模型中，兔已被广泛用作骨科感染的可靠且可重复的模型。通过分析文献中发表的不同方法的优缺点，本综述探讨了兔子在开发具有临床代表性模型方面的相关性。这种分析将有助于通过使用该物种增加我们对骨科感染的了解。本综述将成为需要在骨感染领域进行临床前研究并确定最合适的动物模型来验证其科学假设的研究人员的工具。
