Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Jun;64:277-282. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently one of the mostly controversial matters of the world. This article discusses AI in terms of the medical ethics issues involved, both existing and potential. Once artificial intelligence is fully developed within electronic systems, it will afford many useful applications in many sectors ranging from banking, agriculture, medical procedures to military operations, especially by decreasing the involvement of humans in critically dangerous activities. Robots as well as computers themselves are embodiments of values inasmuch as they entail actions and choices, but their practical applications are modelled or programmed by the engineers building the systems. AI will need algorithmic procedures to ensure safety in the implementation of such systems. The AI algorithms written could naturally contain errors that may result in unforeseen consequences and unfair outcomes along economic and racial class lines. It is crucial that measures be taken to monitor technological developments ensuring preventative and precautionary safeguards are in place to safeguard the rights of those involved against direct or indirect coercion. While it is the responsibility of AI researchers to ensure that the future impact is more positive than negative, ethicists and philosophers need to be deeply involved in the development of such technologies from the beginning.
人工智能（AI）目前是世界上争议最大的话题之一。本文从现有的和潜在的医疗伦理问题方面讨论了人工智能。一旦人工智能在电子系统中完全发展起来，它将在从银行业、农业、医疗程序到军事行动等许多领域提供许多有用的应用，特别是通过减少人类在极其危险的活动中的参与。机器人和计算机本身就是价值观的体现，因为它们需要采取行动和做出选择，但它们的实际应用是由构建系统的工程师建模或编程的。人工智能将需要算法程序来确保这些系统的实施安全。编写的人工智能算法可能自然会包含错误，这可能导致不可预见的后果，并在经济和种族阶级方面产生不公平的结果。至关重要的是，必须采取措施监测技术发展，确保采取预防和防范措施，以保护有关人员的权利，使其免受直接或间接的胁迫。虽然人工智能研究人员有责任确保未来的影响是积极的而不是消极的，但伦理学家和哲学家需要从一开始就深入参与这类技术的开发。
