Zhang Zhe, Chen Yanxiao, Zhao Xu, Fan Wang, Peng Ding, Li Tianwen, Zhao Lei, Fu Yunfa
Faculty of Marxism, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 P. R. China.
Brain Cognition and Brain-computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 P. R. China.
Cogn Neurodyn. 2024 Dec;18(6):3603-3614. doi: 10.1007/s11571-024-10144-7. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
The development and potential applications of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are directly related to the human brain and may have adverse effects on the users' physical and mental health. Ethical issues, particularly those associated with BCIs, including both non-medical and medical applications, have captured societal attention. This article initially reviews the application of three ethical frameworks in BCI technology: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Subsequently, it introduces the ethical standards under consideration within the medical objective framework for BCI medical applications. Finally, the paper discusses and forecasts the ethical standards for BCI medical applications. The paper emphasizes the necessity to differentiate between the ethical issues of implantable and non-implantable BCIs, to approach the research on BCI-based "controlling the brain" with caution, and to establish standardized operational procedures and efficacy evaluation methods for BCI medical applications. This paper aims to provide ideas for the establishment of ethical standards in BCI medical applications.
脑机接口（BCI）的发展及其潜在应用与人类大脑直接相关，可能会对用户的身心健康产生不利影响。伦理问题，尤其是与脑机接口相关的问题，包括非医疗和医疗应用，已引起社会关注。本文首先回顾了三种伦理框架在脑机接口技术中的应用：结果论、义务论和美德伦理学。随后，介绍了脑机接口医疗应用的医学目标框架下正在考虑的伦理标准。最后，本文对脑机接口医疗应用的伦理标准进行了探讨和展望。本文强调有必要区分可植入和不可植入脑机接口的伦理问题，谨慎对待基于脑机接口的“控制大脑”研究，并为脑机接口医疗应用建立标准化的操作程序和疗效评估方法。本文旨在为脑机接口医疗应用伦理标准的建立提供思路。
