Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Jun;99:1304-1312. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.018. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Biomimetic scaffolds inspired by fields and forces of the natural environment of cells is essential in tissue engineering. This study reports on controlled growth of two model cell lines, NIH/3T3 (promiscuous, fibroblast) and PC-12 (electroresponsive, neural progenitor) cells, given electrical and topographical cues that were delivered from a bionanocomposite of polyaniline-chloride and chitosan (PAn-Cl/CHI). The conductivity and morphology of the scaffold were controlled by varying the wt% of PAn-Cl (0-50 wt%) in CHI and processing methods, air-drying (nanofeatured) versus lyophilization (microporous-reticulated), respectively. Bionanocomposites supported the growth of both cell types independent of the availability of receptor-mediated ligands (laminin). NIH/3T3 cells were less elongated on lyophilized (microporous-reticulated) and more conductive (higher wt% PAn-Cl) composites. PC-12 cells had higher viability and less aggregation when grown on conductive substrates. Air-dried bionanocomposites were more supportive of growth but not attachment of PC-12 cells, suggesting that processing of composites could provide an additional level of engineering control to alter the PC-12 cell attachment and growth. In general, PC-12 cells responded more distinctly and dramatically to the substrate properties than NIH/3T3 cells, supporting a clear role for electrical conductivity on neural cell behavior. Nerve growth factor(NGF)-induced differentiation of PC-12 cells resulted in extensive neurite extension in the presence of adsorbed laminin. In a substrate composition-dependent manner, extension and rate of neurite outgrowth were higher when cultured on the conductive substrates. Overall, this study demonstrates the suitability of conductive PAn-Cl/CHI scaffold to host different cell types and support their responses.
受细胞的自然环境中的场和力启发的仿生支架在组织工程中是必不可少的。本研究报告了两种模型细胞系（NIH/3T3（混杂，成纤维细胞）和 PC-12（电响应，神经祖细胞））的受控生长，这些细胞系接受了来自聚苯胺-氯化物和壳聚糖（PAn-Cl/CHI）的仿生纳米复合材料的电和形貌刺激。支架的导电性和形态分别通过改变 CHI 中 PAn-Cl 的重量百分比（0-50wt%）和处理方法（空气干燥（纳米特征）与冻干（微孔网状））来控制。仿生纳米复合材料独立于受体介导的配体（层粘连蛋白）的可用性支持这两种细胞类型的生长。NIH/3T3 细胞在冻干（微孔网状）和导电性更高（更高重量百分比的 PAn-Cl）的复合材料上生长时，细胞变得不那么细长。当在导电基质上生长时，PC-12 细胞具有更高的活力和更少的聚集。空气干燥的仿生纳米复合材料更有利于细胞生长，但不利于 PC-12 细胞的附着，这表明复合材料的处理可以提供额外的工程控制水平，以改变 PC-12 细胞的附着和生长。总的来说，PC-12 细胞对基底性质的反应比 NIH/3T3 细胞更为明显和显著，这支持了导电性对神经细胞行为的明显作用。在存在吸附层粘连蛋白的情况下，神经生长因子（NGF）诱导的 PC-12 细胞分化导致轴突广泛延伸。以基底组成依赖性的方式，在导电基底上培养时，轴突延伸和生长速度更高。总的来说，这项研究表明，导电 PAn-Cl/CHI 支架适合容纳不同的细胞类型并支持它们的反应。
