2010 年至 2017 年克罗地亚人类、猪和野猪来源的戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）株的遗传多样性。
Genetic diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains derived from humans, swine and wild boars in Croatia from 2010 to 2017.
机构信息
Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
General Hospital "Josip Bencevic", University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Andrije Stampara 42, 35000, Slavonski Brod, Croatia.
出版信息
BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 19;19(1):269. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3906-6.
BACKGROUND
To fulfill epidemiological data and investigate possible interspecies transmission, this study shall attempt to sequence representative HEV strains of human, swine and wild boar origin collected from 2010 to 2017 in Croatia.
METHODS
In total, 174 anti-HEV antibody positive human sera samples; 1419 blood or faeces samples of swine, as well as 720 tissue and/or blood samples of wild boar originating from different counties (18 in total) in Croatia were tested for the presence of HEV RNA.
RESULTS
HEV RNA was detected in 26 human sera samples (14.9%; 95% CI 10.4-21.0%). HEV RNA was detected in 216 tested swine (15.2%; 95% CI 13.5-17.1%), regardless of age, farm breeding system or geographical origin. Viral RNA was also detectable in faeces samples which prove that swine actively participate in shedding HEV into the environment. Of the total of 720 tested wild boar samples, 83 were HEV RNA positive (11.5, 95% CI 9.4-14.1%) originating from six counties. According to the sequence analysis all strains have shown to be members of Orthohepevirus A genotype HEV-3, regardless of host. The genotyping results confirm grouping of sequences into four subtypes of HEV strains of which subtypes 3a and 3c belong to the general cluster 3abchij, and were predominately detected during the study, while subtypes 3e and 3f fall within cluster 3efg. Strains within subtypes 3a and 3e were found in humans, swine and wild boars; subtype 3c strains were derived from humans and swine, whereas subtype 3f strains were found only in humans. Strains belonging to subtypes 3a and 3c were derived during the entire investigated period and may be considered endemic in Croatia, whereas strains within subtypes 3e and 3f were detected sporadically indicating the possibility of newly imported infections.
CONCLUSIONS
All detected strains show to be genetically highly related to strains found in humans and/or animals from other European Countries, indicating that trade of live animals or wild boar movement increases the risk of HEV infection spread. Furthermore, homologous strains found in different investigated species within this study indicate interspecies transmission of HEV and/or an existence of an accessible mutual source of infection.
背景
为了满足流行病学数据的要求，并调查可能的种间传播，本研究试图对 2010 年至 2017 年期间在克罗地亚收集的来自人类、猪和野猪的代表性 HEV 株进行测序。
方法
总共检测了 174 份抗 HEV 抗体阳性的人血清样本；1419 份猪的血液或粪便样本，以及 720 份来自克罗地亚不同县（共 18 个县）的野猪组织和/或血液样本，以检测 HEV RNA 的存在。
结果
在 26 份人血清样本（14.9%；95%CI 10.4-21.0%）中检测到 HEV RNA。在 216 份受检猪中（15.2%；95%CI 13.5-17.1%），无论年龄、农场养殖系统或地理来源如何，均检测到病毒 RNA。粪便样本中也可检测到病毒 RNA，这证明猪积极参与将 HEV 排入环境。在总共检测的 720 份野猪样本中，有 83 份（11.5%，95%CI 9.4-14.1%）为阳性，来自六个县。根据序列分析，所有毒株均为 Orthohepevirus A 基因型 HEV-3 的成员，与宿主无关。基因分型结果证实，根据序列可将 4 种 HEV 株分为 4 个亚型，其中 3a 和 3c 亚型属于一般聚类 3abchij，在研究期间主要检测到，而 3e 和 3f 亚型属于聚类 3efg。3a 和 3e 亚型的毒株存在于人类、猪和野猪中；3c 亚型的毒株来自人类和猪，而 3f 亚型的毒株仅存在于人类中。属于 3a 和 3c 亚型的毒株在整个研究期间均有检出，可被认为是克罗地亚的地方流行株，而 3e 和 3f 亚型的毒株则是偶发检出，表明可能有新的感染输入。
结论
所有检测到的毒株在遗传上与来自人类和/或其他欧洲国家的动物的毒株高度相关，表明活动物贸易或野猪的移动增加了 HEV 感染传播的风险。此外，本研究中不同调查物种中发现的同源毒株表明 HEV 的种间传播和/或存在可相互接触的感染源。
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