End-user acceptability study of the nanopatch™; a microarray patch (MAP) for child immunization in low and middle-income countries.

A promising new delivery technology, the microarray patch (MAPs) consists of an array of small solid-coated or dissolvable needles, up to one mm in length, that administers a dry formulation of a vaccine or pharmaceutical. This study is not a real-life evaluation study but determines the anticipated acceptability of the Nanopatch™, a solid microarray patch device, in Benin, Nepal and Vietnam for vaccine delivery, and identifies factors that could improve the acceptability of the technology to increase measles immunization coverage. This study combined several evaluation methods, including simulation of vaccine administration on children and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, healthcare workers, community health volunteers, caretakers, and community representatives. A total of 314 people participated in the study. The overall rate of total acceptability of the patch for child immunization was 92.7%. General opinions were very positive, providing clinical studies confirm that MAP administration is demonstrated to be painless, safe and effective for infectious disease prevention. The study participants were asked to consider the best strategy to introduce such vaccine delivery innovation. Firstly, delivery by skilled healthcare workers at the healthcare facilities will be preferred to establish the technology. Following this, administration by selected volunteers and outreach delivery may be possible, though under the supervision of skilled healthcare workers. This study's protocol received approval from the World Health Organization (WHO) Ethical Research Committee (ERC0002813) and the national IRB in Benin, Nepal and Vietnam.