Franchi Martino V, Monti Elena, Carter Austin, Quinlan Jonathan I, Herrod Philip J J, Reeves Neil D, Narici Marco V
Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sports Medicine Research Group, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Physiol. 2019 Mar 5;10:178. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00178. eCollection 2019.
The preservation of muscle power is crucial in aging for maintaining mobility and performing daily tasks. Resistance training involving high movement velocities represents a valid strategy to slow down the rate of sarcopenia, counteracting the loss of muscle mass and muscle power. Plyometric exercise may represent an effective training modality for increasing muscle power; however, its application in older populations has been sparingly investigated, as the high impact actions involved may reduce its feasibility for older individuals. By adopting a safer modality of plyometric training, we investigated if a 6-week plyometric training intervention could increase knee extensor muscle size, architecture, force and power in 14 young (YM, age = 25.4 ± 3.5 y; means ± SD) and nine older males (OM, age = 69.7 ± 3.4 y). Volunteers trained 3 times/week using a device similar to a leg press machine where the user was required to bounce against his body mass on a trampoline. Pre-to-post training changes in isometric maximum voluntary torque (MVT), leg extension power and vastus lateralis (VL) architecture were assessed. Muscle power increased in both groups (+27% OM - < 0.001, 20% YM - < 0.001), although the total external work performed during the training period was significantly lower for OM (i.e., ~-47%). Both groups showed significant increases in muscle thickness (MT) (+5.8 OM - < 0.01 vs. +3.8% YM - < 0.01), fascicle length (Lf) (+8% OM - < 0.001 vs. +6% YM - < 0.001), and pennation angle (PA) (+7.5% OM - < 0.001 vs. +4.1% YM - < 0.001). The current study shows that trampoline-based plyometric training is an effective intervention producing a rapid increase in muscle mass and power in both young and older individuals. The training modality used in this study seems to particularly benefit the older population, targeting the morphological and functional effects of sarcopenia in human muscle.
在衰老过程中，保持肌肉力量对于维持活动能力和完成日常任务至关重要。涉及高运动速度的阻力训练是减缓肌肉减少症发生率、对抗肌肉质量和肌肉力量丧失的有效策略。增强式运动可能是增加肌肉力量的有效训练方式；然而，其在老年人群中的应用研究较少，因为所涉及的高冲击动作可能会降低其对老年人的可行性。通过采用一种更安全的增强式训练方式，我们研究了为期6周的增强式训练干预是否能增加14名年轻男性（YM，年龄 = 25.4 ± 3.5岁；均值 ± 标准差）和9名老年男性（OM，年龄 = 69.7 ± 3.4岁）的膝伸肌大小、结构、力量和功率。志愿者每周训练3次，使用一种类似于腿部推举机的设备，要求使用者在蹦床上对抗自身重量进行弹跳。评估训练前后等长最大自主扭矩（MVT）、腿部伸展功率和股外侧肌（VL）结构的变化。两组的肌肉力量均有所增加（OM组增加27% - p < 0.001，YM组增加20% - p < 0.001），尽管训练期间OM组完成的总外部功显著更低（即约 - 47%）。两组的肌肉厚度（MT）均显著增加（OM组增加5.8% - p < 0.01，YM组增加3.8% - p < 0.01）、肌束长度（Lf）增加（OM组增加8% - p < 0.001，YM组增加6% - p < 0.001）以及羽状角（PA）增加（OM组增加7.5% - p < 0.001，YM组增加4.1% - p < 0.001）。当前研究表明，基于蹦床的增强式训练是一种有效的干预措施，能使年轻和老年个体的肌肉质量和力量迅速增加。本研究中使用的训练方式似乎对老年人群特别有益，针对了人类肌肉中肌肉减少症的形态学和功能影响。
