Merchán-Clavellino Ana, Alameda-Bailén Jose Ramón, Zayas García Antonio, Guil Rocio
Psychology Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
INDESS (University Institute for Sustainable Social Development), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2019 Mar 5;10:424. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00424. eCollection 2019.
Gray (1970, 1981, 1987) proposed a behavioral motivation theory (Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, RST), which describes the Behavioral Activation/Approach System (BAS) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). Some studies relate higher activation of BAS to positive affect, whereas BIS activation is linked to negative affect, particularly to high levels of anxiety and depression. Research data suggests that greater Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) influences optimal development of well-being and psychological adjustment, such as positive affective states. However, a recent study relates the motivational BIS/BAS systems with TEI, showing that high TEI is characterized by sensitivity to reward (BAS), and low TEI due to activation of the BIS system. The aim of this study was to explore how TEI may mediate the relationship between BIS/BAS sensitivity and positive and negative affect. Four-hundred and sixty-seven undergraduate students (385 females) were evaluated. TEI was evaluated with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). Affective states were measured with the Positive (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) Schedule, and BIS/BAS sensitivity was measured with The Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) and Sensitivity to Reward (SR) Questionnaire. The results reveal the influence of the two motivational systems on affective states, and show how this relationship is modified by and better explained through TEI. That is, a stronger approach to appetitive stimuli produces more positive affect, but a belief that one [does not] understand unpleasant emotions or that one analyzes them, or thinks that one cannot regulate or control emotions will reduce that positive state. Greater activation of inhibitory behaviors will produce greater negative affect, and this will increase when one perceives that one attends excessively to one's feelings or does not understand them or feels incapable of regulating them. Accordingly, although motivators could be a focus of interest for intervention, this study shows that the efficiency and profitability of these practical applications increases by adding TEI.
格雷（1970年、1981年、1987年）提出了一种行为动机理论（强化敏感性理论，RST），该理论描述了行为激活/趋近系统（BAS）和行为抑制系统（BIS）。一些研究将BAS的较高激活与积极情绪联系起来，而BIS的激活则与消极情绪有关，尤其是与高水平的焦虑和抑郁有关。研究数据表明，更高的特质情绪智力（TEI）会影响幸福感和心理调适的最佳发展，比如积极的情感状态。然而，最近的一项研究将动机性BIS/BAS系统与TEI联系起来，表明高TEI的特征是对奖励敏感（BAS），而低TEI则是由于BIS系统的激活。本研究的目的是探讨TEI如何介导BIS/BAS敏感性与积极和消极情绪之间的关系。对467名本科生（385名女性）进行了评估。使用特质元情绪量表（TMMS）评估TEI。使用积极（PA）和消极情绪（NA）量表测量情感状态，使用惩罚敏感性（SP）和奖励敏感性（SR）问卷测量BIS/BAS敏感性。结果揭示了这两种动机系统对情感状态的影响，并表明这种关系如何通过TEI得到修正并能得到更好的解释。也就是说，对有吸引力的刺激采取更强的趋近方式会产生更多积极情绪，但如果认为自己不理解不愉快的情绪、对其进行分析，或者认为自己无法调节或控制情绪，就会降低这种积极状态。抑制行为的更大激活会产生更大的消极情绪，当一个人认为自己过度关注自己的感受、不理解这些感受或觉得无法调节这些感受时，这种消极情绪会增加。因此，尽管动机因素可能是干预的一个关注焦点，但本研究表明，通过加入TEI，这些实际应用的效率和效益会提高。
