Alvarado Alvin C, Predicala Bernardo Z
Prairie Swine Centre.
J Agric Saf Health. 2019 Feb 1;25(1):37-50. doi: 10.13031/jash.12990.
Extended exposure of swine barn workers to noise and airborne contaminants has been reported to be associated with various health problems. In this study, the actual exposure of workers to respirable dust, gases (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide), and noise in swine production operations was monitored in order to determine the contribution of specific activities in the barn to potential adverse health impacts to swine workers. Selected workers in a swine barn facility were outfitted with a personal monitoring system that included a respirable dust sampler, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas monitors, and a noise dosimeter as they performed their regular duties during their workday. From a total of 50 monitoring days spanning winter and summer months, results showed that the occupational exposure of swine workers to respirable dust, NH3, H2S, and noise while performing their daily assigned tasks was generally below the respective time-weighted average exposure limits for each hazard. However, a number of tasks showed high likelihood for elevated occupational exposure risk. Respirable dust concentrations exceeded the time-weighted average limit of 3 mg m-3 while feeding and weighing pigs. These activities also exceeded the short-term exposure limit (35 ppm) for NH3. Dangerous levels of H2S were generated when draining manure from manure collection pits in the production rooms. Noise levels exceeded the recommended 15 min exposure limit (100 dBA) when weighing and loading pigs for market. The occupational exposure risks for workers to barn contaminants can be reduced through measures that control the generation of contaminants at their source, by removing generated contaminants from the work environment, as well as by outfitting the workers with protective devices that prevent personal exposure to contaminants.
据报道，猪场工人长时间暴露于噪音和空气传播污染物中会引发各种健康问题。在本研究中，对猪场生产作业中工人实际接触可吸入粉尘、气体（氨气和硫化氢）及噪音的情况进行了监测，以确定猪舍内特定活动对猪场工人潜在健康危害的影响程度。在一个猪场设施中，选定的工人在工作日执行日常任务时，配备了个人监测系统，该系统包括一个可吸入粉尘采样器、氨气（NH₃）和硫化氢（H₂S）气体监测仪以及一个噪音剂量计。在涵盖冬季和夏季的总共50个监测日中，结果显示，猪场工人在执行日常指定任务时，接触可吸入粉尘、NH₃、H₂S和噪音的职业暴露水平总体上低于每种危害各自的时间加权平均暴露限值。然而，一些任务显示出职业暴露风险升高的可能性很大。在喂猪和称猪体重时，可吸入粉尘浓度超过了3毫克/立方米的时间加权平均限值。这些活动还超过了NH₃的短期暴露限值（35 ppm）。在从生产车间的粪便收集坑排放粪便时，会产生危险水平的H₂S。在称猪体重和将猪装车运往市场时，噪音水平超过了建议的15分钟暴露限值（100分贝）。通过从源头上控制污染物的产生、从工作环境中去除已产生的污染物以及为工人配备防止个人接触污染物的防护设备等措施，可以降低工人接触猪舍污染物的职业暴露风险。
