State Research Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia.
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
J Clin Microbiol. 2019 May 24;57(6). doi: 10.1128/JCM.02024-18. Print 2019 Jun.
The Russian Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (RU-GASP) was established in 2004 and operated continuously during the years from 2005 to 2016. The aims of this study were to summarize the RU-GASP results over this 12-year period and evaluate the trends in antimicrobial resistance in Russia. In total, 5,038 verified isolates from 40 participating regions were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobials via an agar dilution method. DNA loci involved in antimicrobial resistance were identified via minisequencing or DNA microarray techniques. From 2005 to 2016, increasing susceptibility to penicillin G (from 22.6% to 63.0%), tetracycline (from 34.8% to 53.0%), and ciprofloxacin (from 50.6% to 68.6%) was observed, but resistance to these drugs remained high. The proportions of isolates nonsusceptible to azithromycin and spectinomycin peaked in 2011 and decreased thereafter. Of the isolates, only 6 and 23 were identified as nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone according to the CLSI definitions and EUCAST breakpoint (0.57% of the total population), respectively. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants in 2005 versus those in 2016 showed a significant decrease in the number of isolates carrying chromosomal mutations. The proportion of isolates with wild-type genotypes increased from 11.7% in 2005 to 30.3% in 2016. Thus, the RU-GASP can be considered a successful gonorrhea surveillance program, and the current state of antimicrobial resistance in Russia is less serious than that in other WHO GASP regions.
俄罗斯淋球菌抗菌药物监测计划（RU-GASP）于 2004 年成立，并在 2005 年至 2016 年期间持续运作。本研究的目的是总结该计划 12 年来的结果，并评估俄罗斯抗菌药物耐药性的趋势。共有来自 40 个参与地区的 5038 份经证实的分离株，通过琼脂稀释法检测对六种抗菌药物的敏感性。采用 minisequencing 或 DNA 微阵列技术鉴定与抗菌药物耐药性相关的 DNA 基因座。2005 年至 2016 年，观察到青霉素 G（从 22.6%增加到 63.0%）、四环素（从 34.8%增加到 53.0%）和环丙沙星（从 50.6%增加到 68.6%）的敏感性增加，但这些药物的耐药率仍然很高。对阿奇霉素和壮观霉素的不敏感性分离株比例在 2011 年达到峰值，此后有所下降。在这些分离株中，根据 CLSI 定义和 EUCAST 折点（占总人群的 0.57%），只有 6 株和 23 株被鉴定为对头孢曲松不敏感。比较 2005 年和 2016 年的抗菌药物耐药遗传决定因素发现，携带染色体突变的分离株数量显著减少。2005 年野生型基因型分离株的比例为 11.7%，2016 年增加到 30.3%。因此，RU-GASP 可以被认为是一个成功的淋病监测计划，俄罗斯目前的抗菌药物耐药状况比其他世卫组织 GASP 地区不那么严重。
