Rinsky-Halivni Lilah, Cohen Chaim, Moshe Shlomo, Amster Eric
Department of Occupational Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel.
Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2020;75(1):45-55. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2019.1577211. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Occupational health in Israel is unique as it was originally established as a socialized service which anchored in extensive legislation and is accessible to all employees and employers without copayment. We review historical processes and legal basis that led to current structure of public occupational medicine services in Israel. Some of these go back a century and others extend way back to biblical times. Representative case studies from the field are used to illustrate its scope of practice. Legislative changes that exempted the employers from participation in financing occupational health have led to severe budget cuts, jeopardizing the future provision and key principles of occupational healthcare. We discuss future aspects of recommended development vectors for policy making that will preserve the structure of occupational health services and benefits it offers to all workers in Israel.
以色列的职业健康独具特色，因为它最初是作为一项社会化服务建立的，以广泛的立法为基础，所有雇员和雇主均可免费使用。我们回顾了导致以色列公共职业医学服务当前结构的历史进程和法律依据。其中一些可追溯到一个世纪前，另一些则可追溯到圣经时代。文中使用该领域具有代表性的案例研究来说明其实践范围。雇主不再参与职业健康融资的立法变化导致了严重的预算削减，危及职业医疗保健的未来提供和关键原则。我们讨论了政策制定方面推荐的发展方向的未来前景，这些方向将保留职业健康服务的结构及其为以色列所有工人提供的福利。
