Hurley Stephen, Eastman Creswell J, Gallego Gisselle
School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Australia, NSW, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019;28(1):15-22. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201903_28(1).0003.
In Australia, two public health measures were introduced between 2009 and 2010 to reduce iodine deficiency. However there has been a shortage of information regarding their effectiveness and the ongoing prevalence of iodine deficiency in Australia. The primary aim of this study was to assess the extent to which these public health measures have reduced rates of iodine deficiency among pregnant and lactating women.
A review was conducted to identify all studies published since January 2010 that quantitatively measured the iodine status of pregnant and/or lactating women in Australia.
We found 25 publications, of which seven were included in this review after our exclusion criteria were applied. Of the seven included publications, three demonstrated the pregnant and lactating women in their studies to be iodine replete (median urinary iodine concentrations (MUIC) greater than 150 μg/L, or a breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) of greater than 100 μg/L). The remaining four publications found MUIC of pregnant and lactating women to be below the 150 μg/L threshold, in the mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency category. Only two studies, documented iodine sufficiency among pregnant and lactating women in the absence of iodine supplementation.
Many pregnant and lactating women in Australia remain at least mildly iodine deficient. Antenatal iodine supplementation was the factor most consistently associated with an adequate iodine status. Larger, more representative studies or sentinel studies with a National coordination are needed to understand the differences in iodine status that exist across the country.
2009年至2010年间，澳大利亚采取了两项公共卫生措施以减少碘缺乏。然而，关于这些措施的有效性以及澳大利亚碘缺乏的持续流行情况，信息一直不足。本研究的主要目的是评估这些公共卫生措施在多大程度上降低了孕妇和哺乳期妇女的碘缺乏率。
进行了一项综述，以确定自2010年1月以来发表的所有定量测量澳大利亚孕妇和/或哺乳期妇女碘状况的研究。
我们找到了25篇出版物，在应用排除标准后，其中7篇被纳入本综述。在纳入的7篇出版物中，3篇表明其研究中的孕妇和哺乳期妇女碘充足（尿碘中位数浓度（MUIC）大于150μg/L，或母乳碘浓度（BMIC）大于100μg/L）。其余4篇出版物发现孕妇和哺乳期妇女的MUIC低于150μg/L阈值，属于轻度至中度碘缺乏类别。只有两项研究记录了在未补充碘的情况下孕妇和哺乳期妇女的碘充足情况。
澳大利亚许多孕妇和哺乳期妇女至少仍存在轻度碘缺乏。产前补充碘是与碘状况充足最一致相关的因素。需要开展规模更大、更具代表性的研究或由国家协调的哨点研究，以了解全国碘状况存在的差异。
