Adalsteinsdottir Solveig, Tryggvadottir Ellen Alma, Hrolfsdottir Laufey, Halldorsson Thorhallur I, Birgisdottir Bryndis Eva, Hreidarsdottir Ingibjorg Th, Hardardottir Hildur, Arohonka Petra, Erlund Iris, Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg
Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Institution of Health Science Research, University of Akureyri and Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland.
Food Nutr Res. 2020 Jan 6;64. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3653. eCollection 2020.
Historically, Iceland has been an iodine-sufficient nation due to notably high fish and milk consumption. Recent data suggest that the intake of these important dietary sources of iodine has decreased considerably.
To evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women in Iceland and to determine dietary factors associated with risk for deficiency.
Subjects were women ( = 983; 73% of the eligible sample) attending their first ultrasound appointment in gestational weeks 11-14 in the period October 2017-March 2018. Spot urine samples were collected for assessment of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and creatinine. The ratio of iodine to creatinine (I/Cr) was calculated. Median UIC was compared with the optimal range of 150-249 μg/L defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which provided information on main dietary sources of iodine in the population studied (dairy and fish).
The median UIC (95% confidence interval (CI)) and I/Cr of the study population was 89 μg/L (42, 141) and 100 (94, 108) μg/g, respectively. UIC increased with higher frequency of dairy intake, ranging from median UIC of 55 (35, 79) μg/L for women consuming dairy products <1 time per week to 124 (98, 151) μg/L in the group consuming dairy >2 times per day ( for trend <0.001). A small group of women reporting complete avoidance of fish ( = 18) had UIC of 50 (21, 123) μg/L and significantly lower I/Cr compared with those who did not report avoidance of fish (58 (34, 134) μg/g vs. 100 (94, 108) μg/g, = 0.041). Women taking supplements containing iodine ( = 34, 3.5%) had significantly higher UIC compared with those who did not take supplements (141 (77, 263) μg/L vs. 87 (82, 94), = 0.037).
For the first time, insufficient iodine status is being observed in an Icelandic population. There is an urgent need for a public health action aiming at improving iodine status of women of childbearing age in Iceland.
从历史上看，冰岛一直是一个碘充足的国家，这归因于鱼类和牛奶的高消费量。最近的数据表明，这些重要的碘膳食来源的摄入量已大幅下降。
评估冰岛孕妇的碘状况，并确定与碘缺乏风险相关的饮食因素。
研究对象为2017年10月至2018年3月期间在妊娠11 - 14周进行首次超声检查的女性（n = 983；占合格样本的73%）。收集即时尿样以评估尿碘浓度（UIC）和肌酐。计算碘与肌酐的比值（I/Cr）。将UIC中位数与世界卫生组织（WHO）定义的150 - 249μg/L的最佳范围进行比较。使用半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食，该问卷提供了所研究人群（乳制品和鱼类）碘的主要膳食来源信息。
研究人群的UIC中位数（95%置信区间（CI））和I/Cr分别为89μg/L（42，141）和100（94，108）μg/g。UIC随着乳制品摄入频率的增加而升高，从每周食用乳制品<1次的女性的UIC中位数55（35，79）μg/L到每天食用乳制品>2次的组中的124（98，151）μg/L（趋势P<0.001）。一小部分报告完全不吃鱼的女性（n = 18）的UIC为50（21，123）μg/L，与未报告不吃鱼的女性相比，I/Cr显著更低（58（34，134）μg/g对100（94，108）μg/g，P = 0.041）。服用含碘补充剂的女性（n = 34，3.5%）的UIC显著高于未服用补充剂的女性（141（77，263）μg/L对87（82，94），P = 0.037）。
首次在冰岛人群中观察到碘状况不足。迫切需要采取公共卫生行动，旨在改善冰岛育龄妇女的碘状况。
