School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China.
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jun;249:277-285. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 12.
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a class of emerging pollutants. However, the bioconcentration and tissue distribution of shorter chain PFAAs in aquatic animals are not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of perfluorinated carbon chain length of PFAAs and protein content of tissues on the bioconcentration and tissue distribution of both shorter chain PFAAs (linear C-F = 3-6) and longer chain PFAAs (linear C-F = 7-11) in zebrafish. The results showed that the uptake rate constants (k) and the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of the shorter chain PFAAs (0.042-32 L·kg·d and 0.12-24 L·kg, respectively) in tissues were significantly lower than those of the longer chain PFAAs (2.8-1.4 × 10 L·kg·d and 9.7-1.9 × 10 L·kg, respectively). Moreover, the concentrations of both longer and shorter chain PFAAs were lowest in the muscle where the protein content was lowest, and they were highest in blood and liver where the protein content was highest among tissues except brain. The protein content of the brain was higher than that of the liver but the concentrations of PFAAs in the brain were significantly lower than those in the liver because of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, the ovary/blood and brain/blood ratios of concentrations for the shorter chain PFAAs were lower than those for the longer chain PFAAs. Generally, both log k and log BCF showed a significantly positive correlation with either perfluorinated carbon number of PFAAs or protein content of tissues (P < 0.05). Further nonlinear surface fitting revealed that the effect of perfluorinated carbon number was more significant than protein content on the PFAA bioconcentration in zebrafish tissues. These results suggest that there are differences in the bioconcentration and tissue distribution between longer and shorter chain PFAAs and the shorter chain PFAAs seem to be safe compared with the longer chain PFAAs.
全氟烷基酸 (PFAAs) 是一类新兴污染物。然而，水生动物中较短链 PFAAs 的生物浓缩和组织分布尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了 PFAAs 的全氟碳链长度和组织中蛋白质含量对短链 PFAAs（直链 C-F=3-6）和长链 PFAAs（直链 C-F=7-11）在斑马鱼体内的生物浓缩和组织分布的影响。结果表明，较短链 PFAAs（0.042-32 L·kg·d 和 0.12-24 L·kg，分别）在组织中的摄取速率常数（k）和生物浓缩因子（BCF）明显低于较长链 PFAAs（2.8-1.4×10 L·kg·d 和 9.7-1.9×10 L·kg，分别）。此外，在肌肉中的浓度最低，而肌肉中的蛋白质含量最低，在血液和肝脏中的浓度最高，除了大脑以外，在其他组织中蛋白质含量最高。大脑中的蛋白质含量高于肝脏，但由于血脑屏障的存在，大脑中 PFAAs 的浓度明显低于肝脏。此外，较短链 PFAAs 的卵巢/血液和大脑/血液浓度比值低于较长链 PFAAs。一般来说，log k 和 log BCF 与 PFAAs 的全氟碳数或组织中的蛋白质含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。进一步的非线性曲面拟合表明，全氟碳数的影响大于蛋白质含量对斑马鱼组织中 PFAA 生物浓缩的影响。这些结果表明，较长链和较短链 PFAAs 之间的生物浓缩和组织分布存在差异，与较长链 PFAAs 相比，较短链 PFAAs 似乎更安全。
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